设计模式(7) - Decorator装饰者模式

目录

1.意图

2.UML类图

3.代码实现

---

1.意图

  动态地给一个对象加入额外的方法/行为。
  装饰者为它的子类提供了灵活的扩展方法/函数的行为。

2.UML类图

 

3.代码实现

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

//we are going to decorate a house
class House
{
public:
	virtual void draw() = 0;
	virtual string getDescription() = 0;
	virtual ~House() {}
};

class SimpleHouse: public House
{
public:
	void draw() {}
	string getDescription() {
		return "simple house\n";
	}
};

class HouseDecorator: public House
{
protected:
	House *decoratedHouse;

public:
	HouseDecorator(House *hs):decoratedHouse(hs){}
};

//Indoor
class IndoorDecorator:public HouseDecorator
{
public:
	IndoorDecorator(House *hs):HouseDecorator(hs) {}
	void draw() {
		drawIndoor();
		decoratedHouse->draw();
	}

	string getDescription() {
		return decoratedHouse->getDescription() + "with Indoor\n";
	}
private:
	void drawIndoor(){ }
};

//Outdoor
class OutdoorDecorator: public HouseDecorator
{
public:
	OutdoorDecorator(House *hs):HouseDecorator(hs) { }
	void draw() {
		drawOutdoor();
		decoratedHouse->draw();
	}

	string getDescription() {
		return  decoratedHouse->getDescription() + "with Outdoor\n";
	}
private:
	void drawOutdoor() {}
};

int main()
{
	House *hs=new SimpleHouse();
	std::cout<<hs->getDescription()<<std::endl;

	House *in = new IndoorDecorator(new SimpleHouse());
	std::cout<<in->getDescription()<<std::endl;

	House *out = new OutdoorDecorator(new SimpleHouse());
	std::cout<<out->getDescription()<<std::endl;

	House *decoratedHouse = new IndoorDecorator( 
		new OutdoorDecorator(new SimpleHouse()));
	std::cout<<decoratedHouse->getDescription()<<std::endl;

	return 0;
}

运行结果：

  simple house

  simple house
  with Indoor

  simple house
  with Outdoor

  simple house
  with Outdoor
  with Indoor

  分析：
  每一个component(House) 可以被它own或者wrapped装饰者使用。
  ConcreteComponent(SimpleHouse)就是我们即将对其动态地增加方法(Outdoor/Indoor)的对象，继承自House。
  每一个装饰者has-a(wraps) 一个componet,这意味着装饰者拥有一个指向House对象的指针(decoratedHouse成员)。