C++对象内存分布(2) - 菱形继承(non virtual)

目录

1.前言

2.菱形继承类的内存分布

2.1.类的结构

2.2.实现代码windows版本

2.3.实现代码linux版本

2.4.Derive内存分布对比

---

1.前言

版权所有，请勿转载。

本篇文章的所有代码例子，如果是windows上编译运行，则使用的是visual studio 2013。如果是RHEL6.5平台(linux kernal: 2.6.32-431.el6.i686)上编译运行，则其gcc版本为4.4.7，如下所示：

[root@MiWiFi-R1CM ~]# gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)

2.菱形继承类的内存分布

2.1.类的结构

                    菱形继承 - 重复继承

2.2.实现代码windows版本

下面的代码运行在windows 7+visual studio 2013平台上。输出Derive类的内存分布。

/*
版权所有.
作者: 水草(shltsh@hotmail.com)
*/
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base {
public:
    int _iBase;
    char _cBase;
public:
    Base() : _iBase(1111), _cBase('A') {}
    virtual void func() {
        cout << "Base::func()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void baseFunc() {
        cout << "Base::baseFunc()" << endl;
    }
};

class Base1 : public Base {
public:
    int _iBase1;
    char _cBase1;
public:
    Base1() : _iBase1(2222), _cBase1('B') {}
    virtual void func() {
        cout << "Base1::func()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void func1() {
        cout << "Base1::func1()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void baseFunc1() {
        cout << "Base1::baseFunc1()" << endl;
    }
};

class Base2 : public Base {
public:
    int _iBase2;
    char _cBase2;
public:
    Base2() : _iBase2(3333), _cBase2('C') {}
    virtual void func() {
        cout << "Base2::func()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void func2() {
        cout << "Base2::func2()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void baseFunc2() {
        cout << "Base2::baseFunc2()" << endl;
    }
};

class Derive : public Base1, public Base2 {
public:
    int _iDerive;
    char _cDerive;
public:
    Derive() : _iDerive(4444), _cDerive('D') {}
    virtual void func() {
        cout << "Derive::func()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void func1() {
        cout << "Derive::func1()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void func2() {
        cout << "Derive::func2()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void deriveFunc() {
        cout << "Derive::deriveFunc()" << endl;
    }
};
int main() {
    typedef void(*Fun)(void);

    int** pVtab = NULL;
    Fun pFun = NULL;

    Derive derive;
    pVtab = (int**)&derive;
    cout << "[0]  Derive::Base1::_vptr->" << endl;
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][0];
    cout << "       [0] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][1];
    cout << "       [1] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][2];
    cout << "       [2] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][3];
    cout << "       [3] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][4];
    cout << "       [4] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][5];
    cout << "       [5] 0x" << pFun << endl;

    cout << "[1]  Base::_iBase = " << (int)pVtab[1] << endl;
    cout << "[2]  Base::_cBase = " << (char)(int)pVtab[2] << endl;
    cout << "[3]  Base1::_iBase1 = " << (int)pVtab[3] << endl;
    cout << "[4]  Base1::_cBase1 = " << (char)(int)pVtab[4] << endl;

    cout << "[5]  Derive::Base2::_vptr->" << endl;
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][0];
    cout << "       [0] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][1];
    cout << "       [1] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][2];
    cout << "       [2] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][3];
    cout << "       [3] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][4];
    cout << "       [4] 0x" << pFun << endl;

    cout << "[6]  Base::_iBase = " << (int)pVtab[6] << endl;
    cout << "[7]  Base::_cBase = " << (char)(int)pVtab[7] << endl;
    cout << "[8]  Base2::_iBase2 = " << (int)pVtab[8] << endl;
    cout << "[9]  Base2::_cBase2 = " << (char)(int)pVtab[9] << endl;

    cout << "[10] Derive::_iDerive = " << (int)pVtab[10] << endl;
    cout << "[11] Derive::_cDerive = " << (char)(int)pVtab[11] << endl;

    return 0;
}

运行结果如下：

2.3.实现代码linux版本

linux平台下的代码，与上一节中的windows代码，绝大部分是相似的，不同点仅在于linux版本中，会访问并打印出pVtab[0][6]的值。
下面给出了完整的main函数。

/*
版权所有.
作者: 水草(shltsh@hotmail.com)
*/
int main() {
    typedef void(*Fun)(void);

    int** pVtab = NULL;
    Fun pFun = NULL;

    Derive derive;
    pVtab = (int**)&derive;
    cout << "[0]  Derive::Base1::_vptr->" << endl;
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][0];
    cout << "       [0] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][1];
    cout << "       [1] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][2];
    cout << "       [2] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][3];
    cout << "       [3] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][4];
    cout << "       [4] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][5];
    cout << "       [5] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][6];
    cout << "       [6] 0x" << pFun << endl;

    cout << "[1]  Base::_iBase = " << (int)pVtab[1] << endl;
    cout << "[2]  Base::_cBase = " << (char)(int)pVtab[2] << endl;
    cout << "[3]  Base1::_iBase1 = " << (int)pVtab[3] << endl;
    cout << "[4]  Base1::_cBase1 = " << (char)(int)pVtab[4] << endl;

    cout << "[5]  Derive::Base2::_vptr->" << endl;
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][0];
    cout << "       [0] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][1];
    cout << "       [1] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][2];
    cout << "       [2] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][3];
    cout << "       [3] ";
    pFun();
    pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][4];
    cout << "       [4] 0x" << pFun << endl;

    cout << "[6]  Base::_iBase = " << (int)pVtab[6] << endl;
    cout << "[7]  Base::_cBase = " << (char)(int)pVtab[7] << endl;
    cout << "[8]  Base2::_iBase2 = " << (int)pVtab[8] << endl;
    cout << "[9]  Base2::_cBase2 = " << (char)(int)pVtab[9] << endl;

    cout << "[10] Derive::_iDerive = " << (int)pVtab[10] << endl;
    cout << "[11] Derive::_cDerive = " << (char)(int)pVtab[11] << endl;

    return 0;
}

运行结果如下：

2.4.Derive内存分布对比

通过下面的对比图，可以看到，对于菱形非虚继承，Derive类在这两种平台上的内存分布几乎一样。

           Windows 7 + Visual studio 2013                                               Linux RHEL6.5 + gcc 4.4.7