linux下挂接NFS的方法

挂载NFS：
一.单板启动完成后进行挂载NFS
设置方法：
    1.在服务器上运行sudo vim /etc/exports打开配置文件，在文件末尾加上目标文件夹例如：/home/work/nfs_root/nano_root *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)    (注意：这里的路径不能使用~来表示/home路径)

/home/work/nfs_root/nano_root：要共享的目录

* ：允许所有的网段访问

rw ：读写权限

sync：资料同步写入内在和硬盘

no_root_squash：nfs客户端共享目录使用者权限

    2.在服务器上运行重启NFS服务sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart
    3.在单板上挂接NFS可运行sudo mount -t nfs -o nolock 192.168.31.140:/home/work/nfs_root/nano_root  /mnt

    4.在单板上运行ls /mnt即可显示服务器192.168.31.140:/home/work/nfs_root/nano_root中的内容。

    在单板上运行出现错误：
mount.nfs4: mounting 192.168.31.140:/work failed, reason given by server: No such file or directory

参考网站http://www.aichengxu.com/other/734976.htm 未能解决问题

二.单板启动时自动挂载NFS目录作为文件系统

    0.Ubuntu上默认是没有安装NFS服务器的，首先要安装NFS服务程序：
        $ sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server
    1.给单板上电，按空格进入uboot中，运行print命令显示uboot的配置参数。
    2.使用该命令设置root根文件系统的位置 set bootargs noinitrd root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.31.140:/home/work/nfs_root/nano_root ip=192.168.31.30:192.168.31.140:192.168.1.1:255.255.255.0:eth0:off init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0

linux 内核中的doumentation文件夹中有一个文件nfsroot.txt来说明nfs挂载的方法：

When the kernel has been loaded by a boot loader (see below) it needs to be
told what root fs device to use. And in the case of nfsroot, where to find
both the server and the name of the directory on the server to mount as root.
This can be established using the following kernel command line parameters:

root=/dev/nfs

  This is necessary to enable the pseudo-NFS-device. Note that it's not a
  real device but just a synonym to tell the kernel to use NFS instead of
  a real device.

nfsroot=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]

  If the `nfsroot' parameter is NOT given on the command line,
  the default "/tftpboot/%s" will be used.

  <server-ip>    Specifies the IP address of the NFS server.
        The default address is determined by the `ip' parameter
        (see below). This parameter allows the use of different
        servers for IP autoconfiguration and NFS.

  <root-dir>    Name of the directory on the server to mount as root.
        If there is a "%s" token in the string, it will be
        replaced by the ASCII-representation of the client's
        IP address.

  <nfs-options>    Standard NFS options. All options are separated by commas.
        The following defaults are used:
            port        = as given by server portmap daemon
            rsize        = 4096
            wsize        = 4096
            timeo        = 7
            retrans        = 3
            acregmin    = 3
            acregmax    = 60
            acdirmin    = 30
            acdirmax    = 60
            flags        = hard, nointr, noposix, cto, ac

ip=<client-ip>:<server-ip>:<gw-ip>:<netmask>:<hostname>:<device>:<autoconf>

  This parameter tells the kernel how to configure IP addresses of devices
  and also how to set up the IP routing table. It was originally called
  `nfsaddrs', but now the boot-time IP configuration works independently of
  NFS, so it was renamed to `ip' and the old name remained as an alias for
  compatibility reasons.

  If this parameter is missing from the kernel command line, all fields are
  assumed to be empty, and the defaults mentioned below apply. In general
  this means that the kernel tries to configure everything using
  autoconfiguration.

  The <autoconf> parameter can appear alone as the value to the `ip'
  parameter (without all the ':' characters before) in which case auto-
  configuration is used.

  <client-ip>    IP address of the client.

          Default:  Determined using autoconfiguration.

  <server-ip>    IP address of the NFS server. If RARP is used to determine
        the client address and this parameter is NOT empty only
        replies from the specified server are accepted.

        Only required for for NFS root. That is autoconfiguration
        will not be triggered if it is missing and NFS root is not
        in operation.

        Default: Determined using autoconfiguration.
                 The address of the autoconfiguration server is used.

  <gw-ip>    IP address of a gateway if the server is on a different subnet.

        Default: Determined using autoconfiguration.

  <netmask>    Netmask for local network interface. If unspecified
        the netmask is derived from the client IP address assuming
        classful addressing.

        Default:  Determined using autoconfiguration.

  <hostname>    Name of the client. May be supplied by autoconfiguration,
          but its absence will not trigger autoconfiguration.

          Default: Client IP address is used in ASCII notation.

  <device>    Name of network device to use.

        Default: If the host only has one device, it is used.
             Otherwise the device is determined using
             autoconfiguration. This is done by sending
             autoconfiguration requests out of all devices,
             and using the device that received the first reply.

  <autoconf>    Method to use for autoconfiguration. In the case of options
                which specify multiple autoconfiguration protocols,
        requests are sent using all protocols, and the first one
        to reply is used.

        Only autoconfiguration protocols that have been compiled
        into the kernel will be used, regardless of the value of
        this option.

                  off or none: don't use autoconfiguration (default)
          on or any:   use any protocol available in the kernel
          dhcp:        use DHCP
          bootp:       use BOOTP
          rarp:        use RARP
          both:        use both BOOTP and RARP but not DHCP
                       (old option kept for backwards compatibility)

                Default: any

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