Mlab中基于Numpy的3D绘图函数

Python科学计算三维可视化
黄天羽、嵩天

Mlab 基础

mayavi.mlab.show(func = None, stop = False)

基于numpy绘图

mlab对Numpy建立可视化过程

1. 建立数据源
2. 使用Filter（可选）
3. 添加可视化模块

3D绘图函数

Points3d()

• 基于Numpy数组x、 y、 z提供的三维点坐标，绘制点图形（0D数据）

• 函数形式：
  points3d(x, y, z…)、points3d(x, y, z, s, …)、points3d(x, y, z, f, …)

• x,y,z 表示 numpy 数组、列表或者其他形式的点三维坐标

• s 表示在该坐标点处的标量值

• f 表示通过函数f（x，y，z）返回的标量值

• 参数
  

• from mayavi import mlab
  import numpy as np
  
  t = np.linspace(0, 4*np.pi, 20)
  x = np.sin(2*t)
  y = np.cos(t)
  z = np.cos(2*t)
  s = 2 + np.sin(t)
  
  points = mlab.points3d(x, y, z, s, colormap = 'Reds', scale_factor = 0.25)
  mlab.show()

  

Plot3d()

• 基于1维Numpy数组x、 y、 z提供的三维坐标数据，绘制线

  图形（1D数据）

• from mayavi import mlab
  import numpy as np
  
  n_mer, n_long = 6, 11
  dphi = np.pi / 1000.0
  phi = np.arange(0.0, 2*np.pi + 0.5*dphi, dphi)
  mu = phi * n_mer
  x = np.cos(mu) + (1+np.cos(n_long*mu/n_mer)*0.5)
  y = np.sin(mu) + (1+np.cos(n_long*mu/n_mer)*0.5)
  z = np.sin(n_long * mu / n_mer) * 0.5
  
  l = mlab.plot3d(x, y, z, np.sin(mu), tube_radius = 0.025, colormap = 'Spectral')
  mlab.show()

  

imshow()

• from mayavi import mlab
  import numpy as np
  
  s = np.random.random((10, 10))
  
  img = mlab.imshow(s, colormap = 'gist_earth')
  mlab.show()

  

surf()

• from mayavi import mlab
  import numpy as np
  
  def f(x, y):
    return np.sin(x-y) + np.cos(x + y)
  
  x, y = np.mgrid[-7.:7.05:0.1, -5.:5.05:0.05]
  s = mlab.surf(x, y, f)
  mlab.show()

  

• contour_surf()
  

contour3d()

• from mayavi import mlab
  import numpy as np
  
  x, y, z = np.ogrid[-5:5:64j, -5:5:64j, -5:5:64j]
  scalars = x*x + y*y + z*z
  
  obj = mlab.contour3d(scalars, contours=8, transparent=True)
  mlab.show()

  

quiver3d()

• import numpy as np
  from mayavi import mlab
  
  x, y, z = np.mgrid[-2:3, -2:3, -2:3]
  r = np.sqrt(x ** 2 + y ** 2 + z ** 4)
  u = y * np.sin(r)/(r + 0.001)
  v = -x * np.sin(r)/(r+0.001)
  w = np.zeros_like(z)
  
  obj = mlab.quiver3d(x, y, z, u, v, w, line_width=3, scale_factor=1)
  mlab.show()