Socket网络编程

一、什么是socket?    

        socket在英文词典中是插座的意思，但在网络编程我们把它翻译成套接字，即网络插座，它用于描述地址和端口，是一个通信链的句柄。应用程序通过socket向网络发出请求或者回应。

        socket编程有三种，1、流式套接字（SOCK_STREAM,TCP协议）2、数据报套接字(SOCK_DGRAM，UDP协议),3、原始套接字(SOCK_RAW),前两者较常用。基于TCP的socket编程是流式套接字。

二、client/server即C/S模式：

       TCP/IP通信中，主要是进行C/S交互。废话不多说，下面看看具体交互内容：

       服务端：建立socket，申明自身的port和IP，并绑定到socket，使用listen监听，然后不断用accept去查看是否有连接。如果有，捕获socket，并通过recv获取消息的内容，通信完成后调用closeSocket关闭这个对应accept到的socket。如果不需要等待任何客户端连接，那么用closeSocket直接关闭自身的socket。

        客户端：建立socket，通过端口号和地址确定目标服务器，使用Connect连接到服务器，send发送消息，等待处理，通信完成后调用closeSocket关闭socket。

 

这里使用TCP协议来通信，要建立两个工程，分别对应客户端与服务器端

客户端代码

#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <WinSock2.h>

void main(int argc,char **argv)
{
	WSADATA             wsaData;
	SOCKET              reqSocket;
	SOCKADDR_IN         ServerAddr;
	int                 Ret;
	int                 Port=5150;

	if(argc<=1)
	{
		printf("USAGE:TCPClient Service IP Adress \n");
		return;
	}

	;//初始化套接字
	if((Ret=WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2),&wsaData))!=0)
	{
		printf("WSAStartup failed with error %d\n",Ret);
		return;
	}

	if((reqSocket = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP))==INVALID_SOCKET)
	{
		printf("socket failed with error %d\n",WSAGetLastError());
		WSACleanup();
		return;
	}

	ServerAddr.sin_family=AF_INET;//协议
	ServerAddr.sin_port = htons(Port) ;//端口,本机字节顺序转化为网络字节顺序
	ServerAddr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr= inet_addr(argv[1]);
	printf("We are try to connect%s:%d",inet_ntoa(ServerAddr.sin_addr),htons(ServerAddr.sin_port));//本机字节顺序，转化为网络字节顺序


	if(connect(reqSocket,(SOCKADDR*)&ServerAddr,sizeof(ServerAddr))==SOCKET_ERROR )
	{
		printf("connect failed with error %d\n",WSAGetLastError());
		closesocket(reqSocket);
		WSACleanup();
		return;
	}

	printf("We connection succeed");
	printf("We  are now try to send  a message");

	if((Ret =send(reqSocket,"hello",5,0))==SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
		printf("send failed with error %d\n",WSAGetLastError());
		closesocket(reqSocket);
		WSACleanup();
		return;
	}

	printf("We successfully send %d byte\n",Ret);
	printf("We are closing  connection succeed");
	closesocket(reqSocket);
	WSACleanup();
	system("pause");
}

服务器端代码

#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <WinSock2.h>

void main(int argc,char **argv)
{
	WSADATA             wsaData;
	SOCKET              reqSocket;
	SOCKADDR_IN         ServerAddr;
	int                 Ret;
	int                 Port=5150;

	if(argc<=1)
	{
		printf("USAGE:TCPClient Service IP Adress \n");
		return;
	}

	;//初始化套接字
	if((Ret=WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2),&wsaData))!=0)
	{
		printf("WSAStartup failed with error %d\n",Ret);
		return;
	}

	if((reqSocket = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP))==INVALID_SOCKET)
	{
		printf("socket failed with error %d\n",WSAGetLastError());
		WSACleanup();
		return;
	}

	ServerAddr.sin_family=AF_INET;//协议
	ServerAddr.sin_port = htons(Port) ;//端口,本机字节顺序转化为网络字节顺序
	ServerAddr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr= inet_addr(argv[1]);
	printf("We are try to connect%s:%d",inet_ntoa(ServerAddr.sin_addr),htons(ServerAddr.sin_port));//本机字节顺序，转化为网络字节顺序


	if(connect(reqSocket,(SOCKADDR*)&ServerAddr,sizeof(ServerAddr))==SOCKET_ERROR )
	{
		printf("connect failed with error %d\n",WSAGetLastError());
		closesocket(reqSocket);
		WSACleanup();
		return;
	}

	printf("We connection succeed");
	printf("We  are now try to send  a message");

	if((Ret =send(reqSocket,"hello",5,0))==SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
		printf("send failed with error %d\n",WSAGetLastError());
		closesocket(reqSocket);
		WSACleanup();
		return;
	}

	printf("We successfully send %d byte\n",Ret);
	printf("We are closing  connection succeed");
	closesocket(reqSocket);
	WSACleanup();
	system("pause");
}

参考

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_27923041/article/details/83857964

https://blog.csdn.net/flowerspring/article/details/88244857