Python标准库--random，sys，time

常用的Python标准库有好多，Python安装目录下的Lib文件夹里有这些标准库的源码。我的天啊，每一个源码文件都值得好好研究。

1 random

这里只用到了random模块中的randint()方法，可以得到0-100范围内的一个整数。然后，是一个猜数字的游戏。

import random

PC_guess = random.randint(0,100)

print("Guess an int between 0-100")
print('*'*50)

counter = 0
while True:
    counter = counter +1
    user_guess = int(input("Enter your number:"))
    print('*'*50)

    if user_guess > PC_guess:
        print("Guess a lower number")

    elif user_guess < PC_guess:
        print("Guess a higher number")

    else:
        print("You got it!")
        break

print('It\'s takes you ',counter,' times to get it. Good job.')


 RESTART: C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36-32/Guessing_Game.py 
Guess an int between 0-100
**************************************************
Enter your number:50
**************************************************
Guess a lower number
Enter your number:25
**************************************************
Guess a lower number
Enter your number:13
**************************************************
Guess a lower number
Enter your number:6
**************************************************
Guess a lower number
Enter your number:3
**************************************************
Guess a higher number
Enter your number:4
**************************************************
You got it!
It's takes you  6  times to get it. Good job.

2 sys

sys — System-specific parameters and functions

sys 模块中常用的有argv（命令行参数）、stdin（标准输入流）、stdout（标准输出流）、stderr（标准错误流）方法。

2.1 argv

2.2 stdin，stdout，stderr

File objects used by the interpreter for standard input, output and errors:
    ○ stdin is used for all interactive input (including calls to input());
    ○ stdout is used for the output of print() and expression statements and for the prompts of input();
    ○ The interpreter’s own prompts and its error messages go to stderr.

https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html

3 time

time模块很有用啊，

>>> import time
>>> time.time()
1499153518.0803897  #从1970年1月1日算起
>>> time.asctime
<built-in function asctime>
>>> time.asctime()
'Tue Jul  4 15:42:40 2017'
>>> now = (2017,7,4,15,46,30,2,0,0)
>>> time.asctime(now)
'Wed Jul  4 15:46:30 2017'
>>> time.localtime()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=4, tm_hour=15, tm_min=49, tm_sec=57, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=185, tm_isdst=0)
>>> t = time.localtime()
>>> yeat = t[0]
>>> year = t[0]
>>> month = t[1]
>>> day = t[2]
>>> year
2017
>>> day
4
>>> month
7
>>> print(day,'/',month,'/',year)
4 / 7 / 2017
>>> print(str(day) + '/' + str(month) + '/' + str(year))
4/7/2017

time.time()方法可以用来计算一个程序的运行时间。
比如，把前面的质数生成器代码改写一下。

>>> import time
>>> def prime_number(num1,num2):
    """Find all prime number between num1 and num2.
    Use prime_number(num1,num2) command to run it.
    When executed,it will return a list of prime numbers and the time used
    for executing the program.
    """
    Prime_number = []
    t1 = time.time()
    for i in range(num1,num2):
        j = 2
        counter = 0
        while j<i:
            if i%j == 0:
                counter = 1
                j = j +1
            else:
                j = j + 1
        if counter == 0:
            Prime_number.append(i)
        else:
            counter = 0

        t2 = time.time()
        detla_time = t2 - t1

        msg = "Program Executing Time: " + str(detla_time) + 'seconds.'
    return Prime_number ,'/n',msg

>>> prime_number(2,200)
([2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199], '/n', 'Program Executing Time: 0.007000446319580078 seconds.')
>>> 

还有sleep()方法。
下面在for循环内加了time.sleep(0.5) 代码，程序总运行时间多了大概99s。
爬虫的时候会用到，有些网站会限制一定时间内的请求次数。
还没系统学习过爬虫，到时候要记着这个方法啊。

>>> import time
>>> def prime_number(num1,num2):
    """Find all prime number between num1 and num2.
    Use prime_number(num1,num2) command to run it.
    When executed,it will return a list of prime numbers and the time used
    for executing the program.
    """
    Prime_number = []
    t1 = time.time()
    for i in range(num1,num2):

        time.sleep(0.5)  # 休息0.5s再运行代码

        j = 2
        counter = 0
        while j<i:
            if i%j == 0:
                counter = 1
                j = j +1
            else:
                j = j + 1
        if counter == 0:
            Prime_number.append(i)
        else:
            counter = 0

        t2 = time.time()
        detla_time = t2 - t1

        msg = "Program Executing Time: " + str(detla_time) + ' seconds.'
    return Prime_number ,'/n',msg

>>> prime_number(2,200)
([2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199], '/n', 'Program Executing Time: 99.23054504394531 seconds.')
>>>