20201124英语单词学习（仅供自己记录）

Vocabulary List：

• erratic
• ditch
• hail
• impoverish
• intimidate
• sovereignty
• amid
• surge
• fatigue
• manifest
• overthrow
• outlaw
• condemn
• decimate
• draw
• go viral
• stark
• literally

---

 

erratic	not happening at regular times; not following any plan or regular pattern; that you cannot rely on SYN unpredictable 不规则的；不确定的；不稳定的；不可靠的	erratic interest rates	The electricity supply here is quite erratic. 这里的电力供应相当不稳定。 She had learnt to live with his sudden changes of mood and erratic behaviour. 她已经学会适应他那变幻莫测的情绪和难以捉摸的行为。
ditch	[ VN ] ( informal ) to get rid of sth/sb because you no longer want or need it/them 摆脱；抛弃；丢弃 [ VN V ] if a pilot ditches an aircraft, or if it ditches , it lands in the sea in an emergency 使（飞机）在海上紧急降落；（在海上）迫降	ditch the phone	Both vehicles ended up in a ditch. 两辆车都掉进了沟里。 What do you say we ditch school and go to the mall? 我们逃学去商场，你觉得怎样？ I can't bring myself to ditch him and start again. 我不能说服自己抛弃他，又重新开始。
hail	[ usually passive ] ~ sb/sth (as) sth to describe sb/sth as being very good or special, especially in newspapers, etc. 赞扬（或称颂）…为…（尤用于报章等） [ VN ] to signal to a taxi or a bus, in order to get the driver to stop 招手（请出租车或公共汽车停下） [ VN ] ( literary ) to call to sb in order to say hello to them or attract their attention 跟…打招呼；向…喊 [ V ] when it hails , small balls of ice fall like rain from the sky 下雹	hail from... ( formal ) to come from or have been born in a particular place 来自；出生于	Xi hailed the important role of the internet in promoting economic power. It started to hail, huge great stones. 天空开始下冰雹，巨大的雹子。 I hurried away to hail a taxi. 我匆忙离开去挥手招了一辆出租车。 They hail from all parts of the country. 他们来自全国各地。
impoverish	to make sb poor 使贫穷 to make sth worse in quality 使贫瘠；使枯竭		These changes are likely to impoverish single-parent families even further. 这些变革很可能使单亲家庭更加贫困。
intimidate	[ VN ] ~ sb (into sth/into doing sth) to frighten or threaten sb so that they will do what you want 恐吓；威胁		Jones had set out to intimidate and dominate Paul. 琼斯曾试图威胁并控制保罗。
sovereignty	~ (over sth) complete power to govern a country 主权；最高统治权；最高权威 the state of being a country with freedom to govern itself 独立自主		Concern to protect national sovereignty is far from new. 对捍卫国家主权的关注绝不是新话题。 The declaration proclaimed the full sovereignty of the republic. 这份宣言宣告这个共和国完全独立自主。
amid	in the middle of or during sth, especially sth that causes excitement or fear 在…过程中；在…中 surrounded by sth 在…中；四周是		He finished his speech amid tremendous applause. 他在雷鸣般的掌声中结束了演讲。 "Taiwan" starts making new submaries amid China tension
surge	[ + adv./prep. ] to move quickly and with force in a particular direction 涌；汹涌；涌动 [ usually + adv./prep. ] to fill sb with a strong feeling 使强烈地感到 ( of prices, profits, etc. 物价、利润等 ) to suddenly increase in value 急剧上升；飞涨；激增		There has been a surge of UFO sightings in Kansas. 有一股在堪萨斯观看不明飞行物的热潮。 The surge in car sales was regarded as an encouraging pointer to an improvement in the economy. 汽车销售量的激增被视为经济回升的指标。 She felt a surge of love and desire for him. 她对他骤生爱意，欲火攻心。
fatigue	[ U ] a feeling of being extremely tired, usually because of hard work or exercise 疲劳；劳累 [ U ] ( usually after another noun 通常置于另一名词后 ) a feeling of not wanting to do a particular activity any longer because you have done too much of it 厌倦 [ U ] weakness in metal or wood caused by repeated bending or stretching （金属或木材的）疲劳	battle fatigue 战斗疲劳	Driver fatigue was to blame for the accident. 这个事故是驾驶员疲劳所致。 The wing of the plane showed signs of metal fatigue. 机翼显示出金属疲劳的迹象。
manifest	[ VN ] ~ sth (in sth) to show sth clearly, especially a feeling, an attitude or a quality 表明，清楚显示（尤指情感、态度或品质） [ VN ] ~ itself (in sth) to appear or become noticeable 显现；使人注意到		His nervousness was manifest to all those present. 所有在场的人都看出了他很紧张。 The virus needs two weeks to manifest itself. 这种病毒需要两周才能发作。
overthrow	/ˌəʊvəˈθrəʊ/ [ VN ] to remove a leader or a government from a position of power by force 推翻；打倒；赶下台		They were plotting to overthrow the government. 他们在密谋颠覆政府。
outlaw	to make sth illegal 宣布…不合法；使…成为非法 (in the past) to make sb an outlaw （旧时）剥夺（某人的）法律权益		Jesse was an outlaw, a bandit, a criminal. 杰西曾是个逃犯、土匪、罪犯。 Challenged Blair on plans to outlaw foxhunting. 挑战布莱尔将猎狐非法化的计划。
condemn	[ VN ] ~ sb/sth (for/as sth) to express very strong disapproval of sb/sth, usually for moral reasons （通常因道义上的原因而）谴责，指责 [ usually passive ] ~ sb (to sth) to say what sb's punishment will be 宣判；判处（某人某种刑罚） [ VN ] [ usually passive ] ~ sb to sth to force sb to accept a difficult or unpleasant situation 迫使…接受困境（或不愉快的状况） [ VN ] [ usually passive ] ~ sth (as sth) to say officially that sth is not safe enough to be used 宣告使用…不安全 [ VN ] to show or suggest that sb is guilty of sth 证明（或表明）有罪	a condemned building 一座已宣告不能居住的危楼	The Church has a duty to condemn violence. 基督教会有义务谴责暴力。 We cannot condemn him without factual evidence. 我们不能在没有真凭实据的情况下就认为他有罪。 They were condemned to a life of hardship. 他们不得不过着艰难的生活。 She is condemned out of her own mouth (= her own words show that she is guilty) . 她自己说的话显示她有罪责。
decimate	[ usually passive ] to kill large numbers of animals, plants or people in a particular area 大量毁灭，大批杀死（某地区的动物、植物或人） ( informal ) to severely damage sth or make sth weaker 严重破坏；大大削弱		And many invaders actually boost biodiversity, not decimate it. 更何况外来物种促进了生物多样性，而不是减少。 How a Tiny Beetle Could Decimate Yellowstone? 小甲虫如何毁了黄石公园？
draw	[ VN ] ~ sth (from sb) to produce a reaction or response 产生，引起，激起（反应或回应）	draw criticism from Hawaii's mayors	The plan has drawn a lot of criticism. 这个计划引来众多批评。
go viral	疯狂传播 像病毒般扩散 走红		Pay walls make it difficult for news to go viral. 付费权限只能让新闻难以传开。
stark	( often disapproving ) looking severe and without any colour or decoration 了无修饰的；荒凉的；粗陋的 unpleasant; real, and impossible to avoid 严酷的；赤裸裸的；真实而无法回避的 very different to sth in a way that is easy to see （指区别）明显的，鲜明的 [ only before noun ] complete and total 完全的；十足的	a stark choice 残酷的选择	Social divisions in the city are stark. 城市里各社会阶层有明确的分野。 Dry stone walls may appear stark and lifeless, but they provide a valuable habitat for plants and animals. 干燥的石墙看上去荒凉而且没有生命迹象，但是它们却为动植物提供了宝贵的栖居地。 The children watched in stark terror. 孩子们极端恐惧地看着。
literally	in a literal way 按字面；字面上 used to emphasize the truth of sth that may seem surprising （强调事实可能令人惊讶）真正地，确实地 ( informal ) used to emphasize a word or phrase, even if it is not literally true （加强即使字面意义并不真实的词语）简直		The word 'planet' literally means 'wandering body'. planet一词字面上的意思是wandering body。 I literally jumped out of my skin. 我简直给吓了一大跳。 We've got to get the economy under control or it will literally eat us up. 我们必须控制住经济，否则它真地就会把我们困住。