Check the difficulty of problems
Description
Organizing a programming contest is not an easy job. To avoid making the problems too difficult, the organizer usually expect the contest result satisfy the following two terms:
1. All of the teams solve at least one problem. 2. The champion (One of those teams that solve the most problems) solves at least a certain number of problems. Now the organizer has studied out the contest problems, and through the result of preliminary contest, the organizer can estimate the probability that a certain team can successfully solve a certain problem. Given the number of contest problems M, the number of teams T, and the number of problems N that the organizer expect the champion solve at least. We also assume that team i solves problem j with the probability Pij (1 <= i <= T, 1<= j <= M). Well, can you calculate the probability that all of the teams solve at least one problem, and at the same time the champion team solves at least N problems? Input
The input consists of several test cases. The first line of each test case contains three integers M (0 < M <= 30), T (1 < T <= 1000) and N (0 < N <= M). Each of the following T lines contains M floating-point numbers in the range of [0,1]. In these T lines, the j-th number in the i-th line is just Pij. A test case of M = T = N = 0 indicates the end of input, and should not be processed.
Output
For each test case, please output the answer in a separate line. The result should be rounded to three digits after the decimal point.
Sample Input 2 2 2 0.9 0.9 1 0.9 0 0 0 Sample Output 0.972 Source
POJ Monthly,鲁小石
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题意:
组织一次程序设计大赛可不是什么容易的事,为了避免题目太难,一般都遵循以下规则:
1.所有的团队都能做出一题。(传说中的签到题)
2.冠军队(做对题数量最多的,没有罚时吗?)做对题数量不会太少。(就是不会出现大家只做对1,2道题,冠军队只比其他人多对1,2道题)
现在组织者已经给出了比赛的题目,并通过初步比赛的结果,组织者可以估计团队可以成功地解决问题的概率。你能计算出在所有队伍都至少解出一道,且冠军队伍解出n(0<n<=m)道题的概率吗?
思路:
这题不是哈希,是概率dp。
首先我们设dp[i][j][k]为第 i 组前 j 个题做对 k 道题目的概率。用另一个数组p[i][j]存下第 i 组做对第 j 题的概率。
递推式就有:dp[i][j][k] = dp[i][j-1][k-1]*(p[i][j])+dp[i][j-1][k]*(1-p[i][j])
最后所有团队都至少做对1题的概率减去所有团队都至少做对1~n-1道题的概率就完了。
用%f输出。用%f输出。用%f输出。
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int m, t, n;
double p[1001][31];
double dp[1001][31][31]; //第 i 组前 j 个题做对 k 道题目的概率
double tdp[1001][31]; //第 i 组解出不多于 j 题的概率
while( cin>>m>>t>>n )
{
if( m==0&&t==0&&n==0 )
break;
for( int i = 1;i <= t;i++ )
{
for( int j = 1;j <= m;j++ )
{
cin>>p[i][j];
}
dp[i][0][0] = 1.0;
dp[i][0][1] = 0.0;
for( int j = 1;j <= m;j++ )
dp[i][j][0] = dp[i][j-1][0]*(1.0-p[i][j]);
for( int j = 1;j <= m;j++ )
{
for( int k = 1;k <= m;k++ )
{
dp[i][j][k] = dp[i][j-1][k]*(1.0-p[i][j]) + dp[i][j-1][k-1]*p[i][j];
}
}
tdp[i][0] = dp[i][m][0];
for( int j = 1;j <= m;j++ )
{
tdp[i][j] = tdp[i][j-1] + dp[i][m][j];
}
}
double p1 = 1.0; //至少做对一道题目的概率
double p2 = 1.0; //至少做出1~n-1道题目的概率
for( int i = 1;i <= t;i++ )
{
p1 *= (tdp[i][n-1] - tdp[i][0]);
p2 *= (1.0 - tdp[i][0]);
}
printf("%.3f\n",p2-p1);
}
return 0;
}