Ryu中基于时延的最短路径转发算法（SPF）

目录

1.主机发现

2.链路时延测量[2]

3. ryu/topology/Switches.py修改

3.1 PortData类

3.2 lldp_packet_in_handler()

3.3 重新编译安装Ryu

4.获取lldp_delay

5.图存储与最短路径计算

参考文献

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  环路广播风暴问题

对于存在环路的网络拓扑结构，首先需要解决ARP包的洪泛问题，一种解决思路是：Ryu可以将交换机的端口信息记录下来，发现全局的拓扑信息。当控制器收到一个未学习的ARP Request时，直接发给所有交换机连接主机的那些端口，从而减少了在交换机与交换机间的洪泛[1]。

1.主机发现

Ryu通过LLDP报文发现拓扑中的交换机，主机发现则需要主机主动发包

from ryu.base import app_manager
from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_3
from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls
from ryu.controller.handler import MAIN_DISPATCHER, CONFIG_DISPATCHER
from ryu.controller import ofp_event
from ryu.lib.packet import packet
from ryu.lib.packet import ethernet
from ryu.lib import hub
from ryu.topology.api import get_all_host, get_all_link, get_all_switch


class NetworkAwareness(app_manager.RyuApp):
    OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_3.OFP_VERSION]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(NetworkAwareness, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.dpid_mac_port = {}
        self.topo_thread = hub.spawn(self._get_topology)

    def add_flow(self, datapath, priority, match, actions):
        dp = datapath
        ofp = dp.ofproto
        parser = dp.ofproto_parser

        inst = [parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofp.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS, actions)]
        mod = parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=dp, priority=priority, match=match, instructions=inst)
        dp.send_msg(mod)

    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPSwitchFeatures, CONFIG_DISPATCHER)
    def switch_features_handler(self, ev):
        msg = ev.msg
        dp = msg.datapath
        ofp = dp.ofproto
        parser = dp.ofproto_parser

        match = parser.OFPMatch()
        actions = [parser.OFPActionOutput(ofp.OFPP_CONTROLLER, ofp.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER)]
        self.add_flow(dp, 0, match, actions)

    def _get_topology(self):
        while True:
            self.logger.info('\n\n\n')

            hosts = get_all_host(self)
            switches = get_all_switch(self)
            links = get_all_link(self)

            self.logger.info('hosts:')
            for hosts in hosts:
                self.logger.info(hosts.to_dict())

            self.logger.info('switches:')
            for switch in switches:
                self.logger.info(switch.to_dict())

            self.logger.info('links:')
            for link in links:
                self.logger.info(link.to_dict())
        
            hub.sleep(2)

2.链路时延测量[2]

参考：基于Ryu和OpenFlow协议的网络时延、带宽等状态测量。

交换机A到交换机B的链路时延为（Tab+Tba-Ta-Tb）/2，Tab为控制器经交换机A到B再返回控制器的时延，Tba为控制器经交换机B到A再返回控制器的时延，Ta、Tb分别为控制器到交换机A和B的往返时延。

 

3. ryu/topology/Switches.py修改

3.1 PortData类

PortData记录交换机的端口信息，增加self.delay属性记录Tab和Tba（后用lldp_delay统一表示），self.timestamp为LLDP包在发送时被打上的时间戳。

class PortData(object):
    def __init__(self, is_down, lldp_data):
        super(PortData, self).__init__()
        self.is_down = is_down
        self.lldp_data = lldp_data
        self.timestamp = None
        self.sent = 0
        self.delay = 0

3.2 lldp_packet_in_handler()

lldp_packet_in_handler()负责处理接收到的LLDP包，lldp_delay=收到LLDP报文的时间戳-发送时的时间戳。

由于LLDP报文被设计为经一跳后转给控制器，因此可将lldp_delay存入发送LLDP包对应的交换机端口。

    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def lldp_packet_in_handler(self, ev):
    	# add receive timestamp
        recv_timestamp = time.time()
        if not self.link_discovery:
            return

        msg = ev.msg
        try:
            src_dpid, src_port_no = LLDPPacket.lldp_parse(msg.data)
        except LLDPPacket.LLDPUnknownFormat:
            # This handler can receive all the packets which can be
            # not-LLDP packet. Ignore it silently
            return
        
        # calc the delay of lldp packet
        for port, port_data in self.ports.items():
            if src_dpid == port.dpid and src_port_no == port.port_no:
                send_timestamp = port_data.timestamp
                if send_timestamp:
                    port_data.delay = recv_timestamp - send_timestamp

3.3 重新编译安装Ryu

在Ryu安装目录下，找到setup.py文件，执行以下代码段：

sudo python setup.py install

4.获取lldp_delay

利用lookup_service_brick获取到正在运行的switches的实例，

from ryu.base.app_manager import lookup_service_brick
    
    ...
    
    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def packet_in_hander(self, ev):
        msg = ev.msg
        dpid = msg.datapath.id
        try:
            src_dpid, src_port_no = LLDPPacket.lldp_parse(msg.data)

            if self.switches is None:
                self.switches = lookup_service_brick('switches')

            for port in self.switches.ports.keys():
                if src_dpid == port.dpid and src_port_no == port.port_no:
                    lldp_delay[(src_dpid, dpid)] = self.switches.ports[port].delay
        except:
            return

5.图存储与最短路径计算

对于图的存储及最短路径算法，可使用现有的库，如networkx。

参考文献

1.软件定义网络入门学习笔记5-实现最短路径转发的ryu控制器app. https://blog.csdn.net/xiajx98/article/details/92800026.

2.基于Ryu和OpenFlow协议的网络时延、带宽等状态测量.https://blog.csdn.net/smiling_sweety/article/details/116647972.