U3D运行时修改地型中的树木

项目需要根据判断条件修改场景中的树木和附近的地面贴图。贴图部分比较好实现，修改SplatAlphaMap就可以显示不同层次的纹理。如何修改树木中文资料很少，不过搜索英文发现这个问题已经很好的解决了。下面简单介绍一下解决思路，主要是两个要点：

1、判断需要修改哪棵树的模型。此处只能 直接根据坐标进行判断，不能通过 碰撞体或者射线碰撞直接获得想要更改树木的坐标。因为虽然树木中可以有碰撞体，但是该碰撞体是作为整个terrain碰撞体的一部分存在的，所以碰撞检测不能将树木模型当成独立物体获取它的信息，只能通过treeinstance的坐标来确定想要修改的是哪棵树。

TreeInstance.position是树木在地形中的相对坐标，范围在（0,1）之间。需要经过转换才可以变为世界坐标。

Vector3.Scale(currentTree.position, terrain.size) + Terrain.activeTerrain.transform.position;

那么怎么得到 TreeInstance .position呢，只能通过遍历数组 TerrainData .treeInstances 。该数组保存了地形中所有树木的实例，treeinstance的属性包括position，和prototypeIndex等，主要用这两个。

先介绍下流程，详细看下面代码。首先新建一个列表保存所有树木实例，遍历树木坐标筛选符合条件的树木，修改树木原型索引prototypeIndex，或者销毁该模型并在其位置上实例化想要替换的预制体，比如砍树后的树桩什么的。

    2、树木模型可以添加碰撞体，但是只有mesh和capsule可以正常检测到。没有碰撞体在确定选择的是哪棵树时会有一点问题，比如用鼠标点击时射线会穿过树木模型hit到后面的地形上，获取到的位置就会有一定的偏差，也不能通过场景中的物体进行碰撞判断，但是可以通过修改判断条件触发修改，依然能够获得较为准确的位置。

下面直接放代码

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System;


public class TreeChop : MonoBehaviour
{
	public GameObject FallingTreePrefab;
	private List<TreeInstance> TreeInstances;
	// Use this for initialization
	private void Start()
	{
		TreeInstances = new List<TreeInstance>(Terrain.activeTerrain.terrainData.treeInstances);
		Debug.Log("Tree Instances:" + TreeInstances.Count);
	}
	
	// Update is called once per frame
	private void Update()
	{
		// did we click on a tree?
		if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0))
		{
			DateTime start = DateTime.Now;
			RaycastHit hit;
			// This ray will see where we clicked er chopped
			Ray ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition);
			
			// Did we hit anything at that point, out as far as 10 units?
			if (Physics.Raycast(ray, out hit, 10.0f))
			{
				// Did we even click er chop on the terrain/tree?
				if (hit.collider.name != Terrain.activeTerrain.name)
				{
					// No, must have been a frantic attack on a giant spider >:)
					return;
				}
				
				// We hit the "terrain"! Now, how high is the ground at that point?
				float sampleHeight = Terrain.activeTerrain.SampleHeight(hit.point);
				
				// If the height of the exact point we clicked/chopped at or below ground level, all we did
				// was chop dirt.
				if (hit.point.y <= sampleHeight + 0.01f)
				{
					return;
				}
				
				TerrainData terrain = Terrain.activeTerrain.terrainData;
				TreeInstance[] treeInstances = terrain.treeInstances;
				
				// Our current closest tree initializes to far away
				float maxDistance = float.MaxValue;
				// Track our closest tree's position
				Vector3 closestTreePosition = new Vector3();
				// Let's find the closest tree to the place we chopped and hit something
				int closestTreeIndex = 0;
				for (int i = 0; i < treeInstances.Length; i++)
				{
					TreeInstance currentTree = treeInstances[i];
					// The the actual world position of the current tree we are checking
					Vector3 currentTreeWorldPosition = Vector3.Scale(currentTree.position, terrain.size) + Terrain.activeTerrain.transform.position;
					
					// Find the distance between the current tree and whatever we hit when chopping
					float distance = Vector3.Distance(currentTreeWorldPosition, hit.point);
					
					// Is this tree even closer?
					if (distance < maxDistance)
					{
						maxDistance = distance;
						closestTreeIndex = i;
						closestTreePosition = currentTreeWorldPosition;
					}
				}


				// replace the tree prototypeIndex
				var temptree = new TreeInstance();
				temptree.prototypeIndex = 6;
				temptree.position = treeInstances[closestTreeIndex].position;
				temptree.color = new Color(1,1,1,1);
				temptree.lightmapColor = new Color(1,1,1,1);//must add
				TreeInstances.Add(temptree);

				// Remove the tree from the terrain tree list
				TreeInstances.RemoveAt(closestTreeIndex);

				//set back treeInstances array
				terrain.treeInstances = TreeInstances.ToArray();


				
				// Now refresh the terrain, getting rid of the darn collider
				float[,] heights = terrain.GetHeights(0, 0, 0, 0);
				terrain.SetHeights(0, 0, heights);

		 //		Terrain.activeTerrain.collider.enabled = false;
		 //		Terrain.activeTerrain.collider.enabled = true;

		 //		Terrain.activeTerrain.Flush();
				// Put a falling tree in its place
				Instantiate(FallingTreePrefab, closestTreePosition, Quaternion.identity);
				Debug.Log(DateTime.Now - start);
			}
		}
	}
}

代码比较简单，不过多解释了，其中需要注意的地方有这么几个：

1、treeInstances是内建数组，不能直接修改，需要新建数组读出 ，修改，再写入。

2、

temptree.color = new Color(1,1,1,1);
temptree.lightmapColor = new Color(1,1,1,1);

这两句一定要加上，不然树木纹理显示不正常，也可以通过color设置透明效果。

3、删除树木后要刷新地形，不然树木的模型虽然被消除，但是碰撞体还在。

			// Now refresh the terrain, getting rid of the darn collider
				float[,] heights = terrain.GetHeights(0, 0, 0, 0);
				terrain.SetHeights(0, 0, heights);

		 //		Terrain.activeTerrain.collider.enabled = false;
		 //		Terrain.activeTerrain.collider.enabled = true;

		 //		Terrain.activeTerrain.Flush();

上面三种方法好像都可以，测试结果有点记不清了。

就这样。
附上参考资料

1、【风宇冲】Unity3D教程宝典之地形

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_471132920101fzod.html#cmt_3034216

2、 Clearing the TreeInstance array removes all trees perminantly

http://answers.unity3d.com/questions/639926/clearing-the-treeinstance-array-removes-all-trees.html?sort=oldest

3、 Remove trees from the terrain during runtime?

http://forum.unity3d.com/threads/remove-trees-from-the-terrain-during-runtime.180569/

4、 Finally - Removing trees AND the colliders

http://forum.unity3d.com/threads/finally-removing-trees-and-the-colliders.110354/

5、 Remove trees dynamically - stuck with collider

http://answers.unity3d.com/questions/12812/remove-trees-dynamically-stuck-with-collider.html

6、Tom's Terrain Tools 地形工具

http://game.ceeger.com/forum/read.php?tid=620