21-字符驱动

最新推荐文章于 2020-02-28 05:06:56 发布

snaking616

最新推荐文章于 2020-02-28 05:06:56 发布

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分类专栏： itop4412学习记录

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/snaking616/article/details/104470413

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1. 本章知识点

学习结构体file_operations的结构与成员函数的赋值：

（1）所在目录

file_operations结构所在头文件目录：include/linux/fs.h，

如何引用：#include <linux/fs.h>

（2）常用函数有

• int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *)
– 打开函数
• int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *)
– 释放close函数
• long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long)
– io控制函数
• ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *)
– 读函数
• ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *)
– 写函数
• loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int)
– 定位函数

（3）file_operations结构体

struct file_operations {
	struct module *owner;
	loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
	ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
	ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
	ssize_t (*aio_read) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);
	ssize_t (*aio_write) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);
	int (*readdir) (struct file *, void *, filldir_t);
	unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
/* remove by cym 20130408 support for MT660.ko */
#if 0
//#ifdef CONFIG_SMM6260_MODEM
#if 1// liang, Pixtree also need to use ioctl interface...
	int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
#endif
#endif
/* end remove */
	long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
	long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
	int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
	int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
	int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);
	int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
	int (*fsync) (struct file *, int datasync);
	int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync);
	int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
	int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
	ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);
	unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);
	int (*check_flags)(int);
	int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
	ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int);
	ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int);
	int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **);
	long (*fallocate)(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t offset,
			  loff_t len);
/* add by cym 20130408 support for MT6260 and Pixtree */
#if defined(CONFIG_SMM6260_MODEM) || defined(CONFIG_USE_GPIO_AS_I2C)
	int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
#endif
/* end add */
};

2. 驱动代码

（1）file_operation.c

/*包含初始化宏定义的头文件,代码中的module_init和module_exit在此文件中*/
#include <linux/init.h>
/*包含初始化加载模块的头文件,代码中的MODULE_LICENSE在此头文件中*/
#include <linux/module.h>
/*定义module_param module_param_array的头文件*/
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
/*定义module_param module_param_array中perm的头文件*/
#include <linux/stat.h>
/*三个字符设备函数*/
#include <linux/fs.h>
/*MKDEV转换设备号数据类型的宏定义*/
#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
/*定义字符设备的结构体*/
#include <linux/cdev.h>

/*分配内存空间函数头文件*/
#include <linux/slab.h>

/*创建class类以及生成字符设备节点*/
#include <linux/device.h>


#define DEVICE_NAME "char_dev_node"
#define DEVICE_MINOR_NUM 2
#define DEV_MAJOR 0
#define DEV_MINOR 0
#define REGDEV_SIZE 10

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
/*声明是开源的，没有内核版本限制*/
MODULE_AUTHOR("iTOPEET_dz");
/*声明作者*/

int basemajor = DEV_MAJOR;
int baseminor = DEV_MINOR;

static struct class *my_class;

/*输入主设备号*/
module_param(basemajor,int,S_IRUSR);
/*输入次设备号*/
module_param(baseminor,int,S_IRUSR);

struct reg_dev
{
	char *data;
	unsigned long size;
	struct cdev char_dev;
};

struct reg_dev *my_devices;

static int char_dev_node_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){
	
	printk(KERN_EMERG "char_dev_node_open() \n");
	return 0;
	
}

static int char_dev_node_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){
	printk(KERN_EMERG "char_dev_node_release() \n");
	return 0;
}

static long char_dev_node_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg){
	printk(KERN_EMERG "char_dev_node_ioctl,cmd = %d, arg = %d\n",cmd,arg);
	//printk(KERN_EMERG "cmd = %d \n",cmd);
	//printk(KERN_EMERG "arg = %d \n",arg);
	return 0;
}

ssize_t char_dev_node_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *off){
	printk(KERN_EMERG "char_dev_node_read() \n");
	return 0;
}

ssize_t char_dev_node_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *off){
	printk(KERN_EMERG "char_dev_node_write() \n");
	return 0;
}



struct file_operations my_fops = {
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.open=char_dev_node_open,
	.release=char_dev_node_release,
	.unlocked_ioctl=char_dev_node_ioctl,
	.read=char_dev_node_read,
	.write=char_dev_node_write,
};


/*设备注册到系统*/
static void reg_init_cdev(struct reg_dev *dev,int index){
	int err;
	int devno = MKDEV(basemajor,baseminor+index);
	
	/*数据初始化*/
	cdev_init(&dev->char_dev,&my_fops);
	dev->char_dev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
	dev->char_dev.ops = &my_fops;
	
	/*注册到系统*/
	err = cdev_add(&dev->char_dev,devno,1);
	if(err){
		printk(KERN_EMERG "cdev_add %d is fail! %d\n",index,err);
	}
	else{
		printk(KERN_EMERG "cdev_add %d is success!\n",index);
	}
}

static int scdev_init(void)
{
	int ret = 0,i;
	dev_t num_dev;
		
	printk(KERN_EMERG "basemajor is %d!\n",basemajor);
	printk(KERN_EMERG "baseminor is %d!\n",baseminor);
	
	if(basemajor){
		num_dev = MKDEV(basemajor,baseminor);
		ret = register_chrdev_region(num_dev,DEVICE_MINOR_NUM,DEVICE_NAME);
	}
	else{
		/*动态注册设备号*/
		ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&num_dev,baseminor,DEVICE_MINOR_NUM,DEVICE_NAME);
		/*获得主设备号*/
		basemajor = MAJOR(num_dev);
		printk(KERN_EMERG "adev_region req %d !\n",basemajor);
	}
	if(ret<0){
		printk(KERN_EMERG "register_chrdev_region req %d is failed!\n",basemajor);		
	}
	my_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,DEVICE_NAME);
	
	my_devices = kmalloc(DEVICE_MINOR_NUM * sizeof(struct reg_dev),GFP_KERNEL);
	if(!my_devices){
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto fail;
	}
	memset(my_devices,0,DEVICE_MINOR_NUM * sizeof(struct reg_dev));
	
	/*设备初始化*/
	for(i=0;i<DEVICE_MINOR_NUM;i++){
		my_devices[i].data = kmalloc(REGDEV_SIZE,GFP_KERNEL);
		memset(my_devices[i].data,'0',REGDEV_SIZE);
		/*设备注册到系统*/
		reg_init_cdev(&my_devices[i],i);
		
		device_create(my_class,NULL,MKDEV(basemajor,baseminor+i),NULL,DEVICE_NAME"%d",i);
	}
	my_devices[0].data[10]='\0';
	my_devices[1].data[10]='\0';
	printk(KERN_EMERG"my_devices[0].data: %s \n",my_devices[0].data);
	printk(KERN_EMERG"my_devices[1].data: %s \n",my_devices[1].data);	
	printk(KERN_EMERG "scdev_init!\n");
	/*打印信息，KERN_EMERG表示紧急信息*/
	return 0;

fail:
	/*注销设备号*/
	unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(basemajor,baseminor),DEVICE_MINOR_NUM);
	printk(KERN_EMERG "kmalloc is fail!\n");
	kfree(my_devices[0].data);
	kfree(my_devices[1].data);
	kfree(my_devices);
	printk(KERN_EMERG"my_devices[1].data: %s \n",my_devices[1].data);	
	return ret;
}

static void scdev_exit(void)
{
	int i;
	printk(KERN_EMERG "scdev_exit!\n");
	
	/*除去字符设备*/
	for(i=0;i<DEVICE_MINOR_NUM;i++){
		cdev_del(&(my_devices[i].char_dev));
	device_destroy(my_class,MKDEV(basemajor,baseminor+i));
		
	}
		class_destroy(my_class);
	unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(basemajor,baseminor),DEVICE_MINOR_NUM);
	kfree(my_devices[0].data);
	kfree(my_devices[1].data);
	kfree(my_devices);
	printk(KERN_EMERG"my_devices[0].data: %s \n",my_devices[0].data);
	printk(KERN_EMERG"my_devices[1].data: %s \n",my_devices[1].data);
}


module_init(scdev_init);
/*初始化函数*/
module_exit(scdev_exit);
/*卸载函数*/

（2）Makefile

#!/bin/bash
#通知编译器我们要编译模块的哪些源码
#这里是编译itop4412_hello.c这个文件编译成中间文件mini_linux_module.o
obj-m += file_operation.o 

#源码目录变量，这里用户需要根据实际情况选择路径
#作者是将Linux的源码拷贝到目录/home/topeet/android4.0下并解压的
KDIR := /home/topeet/iTop4412_Kernel_3.0

#当前目录变量
PWD ?= $(shell pwd)

#make命名默认寻找第一个目标
#make -C就是指调用执行的路径
#$(KDIR)Linux源码目录，作者这里指的是/home/topeet/android4.0/iTop4412_Kernel_3.0
#$(PWD)当前目录变量
#modules要执行的操作
all:
	make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
		
#make clean执行的操作是删除后缀为o的文件
clean:
	rm -rf *.mod.c *.o *.order *.ko *.mod.o *.symvers

（3）file_test.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc,char **argv){
	int fd0=1;
	int fd1=0;
	int cmd=0;
	char *node_path0="/dev/char_dev_node0";//char_dev_node0
	char *node_path1="/dev/char_dev_node1";//char_dev_node1	
	if(fd0 = open(node_path0,O_RDWR|O_NDELAY)<0){
		printf("open node char_dev_node0 failed!\n");
	}
	else{
		printf("open node char_dev_node0 succ,fd0 = %d!\n",fd0);	
		ioctl(fd0,atoi(argv[1]),atoi(argv[2]));
	}
	//sleep(3);
	close(fd0);
}

3. 调试信息

（1）加载驱动

[root@iTOP-4412]# insmod file_operation.ko
[ 2602.765773] basemajor is 0!
[ 2602.767089] baseminor is 0!
[ 2602.769868] adev_region req 248 !
[ 2602.787135] cdev_add 0 is success!
[ 2602.795639] cdev_add 1 is success!
[ 2602.805731] my_devices[0].data: 0000000000
[ 2602.808432] my_devices[1].data: 0000000000
[ 2602.813064] scdev_init!

（2）运行应用file_test

[root@iTOP-4412]# ./file_test 1 2
[21118.769419] char_dev_node_open()
[21118.771462] char_dev_node_ioctl,cmd = 1, arg = 2
[21118.775878] char_dev_node_release()
open node char_dev_node0 succ,fd0 = 3!

4. 遇到的问题

（1） ioctl调试信息不打印

应用程序file_test打印始终为：open node char_dev_node0 succ,fd0 = 0!， ioctl的打印一直出不来。

int main(int argc,char **argv){
	int fd0=1;
	int fd1=0;
	int cmd=0;
	char *node_path0="/dev/char_dev_node0";//char_dev_node0
	char *node_path1="/dev/char_dev_node1";//char_dev_node1	
	if(fd0 = open(node_path0,O_RDWR|O_NDELAY)<0){
		printf("open node char_dev_node0 failed!\n");
	}
	else{
		printf("open node char_dev_node0 succ,fd0 = %d!\n",fd0);	
		ioctl(fd0,atoi(argv[1]),atoi(argv[2]));
	}
	//sleep(3);
	close(fd0);
}

具体调试信息如下：

[root@iTOP-4412]# ./file_test 1 2
[20974.531693] char_dev_node_open()
open node char_dev_node0 succ,fd0 = 0!
[20977.535285] char_dev_node_release()

解决办法：（if语句少了一对括号）

将if(fd0 = open(node_path0,O_RDWR|O_NDELAY)<0)改为

if((fd0 = open(node_path0,O_RDWR|O_NDELAY))<0)

调试信息如下，得到了想要的结果：

[root@iTOP-4412]# ./file_test 1 2
[21118.769419] char_dev_node_open()
[21118.771462] char_dev_node_ioctl,cmd = 1, arg = 2
[21118.775878] char_dev_node_release()
open node char_dev_node0 succ,fd0 = 3!
[root@iTOP-4412]