HSV(Hue, Saturation, Value)是根据颜色的直观特性由A. R. Smith在1978年创建的一种颜色空间, 也称六角锥体模型(Hexcone Model)。这个模型中颜色的参数分别是:色调(H),饱和度(S),明度(V)。
色调H
用角度度量,取值范围为0°~360°,从红色开始按逆时针方向计算,红色为0°,绿色为120°,蓝色为240°。它们的补色是:黄色为60°,青色为180°,紫色为300°;
饱和度S
饱和度S表示颜色接近光谱色的程度。一种颜色,可以看成是某种光谱色与白色混合的结果。其中光谱色所占的比例愈大,颜色接近光谱色的程度就愈高,颜色的饱和度也就愈高。饱和度高,颜色则深而艳。光谱色的白光成分为0,饱和度达到最高。通常取值范围为0%~100%,值越大,颜色越饱和。
明度V
明度表示颜色明亮的程度,对于光源色,明度值与发光体的光亮度有关;对于物体色,此值和物体的透射比或反射比有关。通常取值范围为0%(黑)到100%(白)。
//-------以下是HSV颜色空间和RGB颜色空间相互转换接口------------
/**
* @brief HSV颜色空间
*/
typedef struct {
float h; // 色调H(hue) 0~360° {R(0°),G(120°),B(240°)}
float s; // 饱和度S(saturation) 0~1.0
float v; // 明度V(value) 0~1.0
}color_hsv_t;
typedef struct {
unsigned char r; // 0-255
unsigned char g; // 0-255
unsigned char b; // 0-255
unsigned int color; // 0x000000 ~ 0xffffff
}color_rgb_t;
/**
* @brief RGB颜色空间 转 HSV颜色空间
* @param rgb:RGB颜色空间参数
* @param hsv:HSV颜色空间参数
* @return none
*/
void rgb2hsv(color_rgb_t *rgb, color_hsv_t *hsv);
/**
* @brief HSV颜色空间 转 RGB颜色空间
* @param hsv:HSV颜色空间参数
* @param rgb:RGB颜色空间参数
* @return none
*/
void hsv2rgb(color_hsv_t *hsv, color_rgb_t *rgb);
/**
* @brief 调节HSV颜色空间 H值(0.0~360.0)
* @param hsv:HSV颜色空间参数
* @param h_offset:调节参数 增加>0.0,减小<0.0
* @return none
*/
void hsv_adjust_h(color_hsv_t *hsv, float h_offset);
/**
* @brief 调节HSV颜色空间 S值(0.0~1.0)
* @param hsv:HSV颜色空间参数
* @param s_offset:调节参数 增加>0.0,减小<0.0
* @return none
*/
void hsv_adjust_s(color_hsv_t *hsv, float s_offset);
/**
* @brief 调节HSV颜色空间 V值(0.0~1.0)
* @param hsv:HSV颜色空间参数
* @param v_offset:调节参数 增加>0.0,减小<0.0
* @return none
*/
void hsv_adjust_v(color_hsv_t *hsv, float v_offset);
// 以下是HSV颜色空间和RGB颜色空间相互转换接口
/*********************************************************************************************
红:
R 255 H:0
G 0 S:100
B 0 V:100
绿:
R 0 H:120
G 255 S:100
B 0 V:100
蓝:
R 0 H:240
G 0 S:100
B 255 V:100
*********************************************************************************************/
#define max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define max3(a,b,c) (((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b)) > (c) ? ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b)) : (c))
#define min3(a,b,c) (((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b)) < (c) ? ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b)) : (c))
/*********************************************************************************************
RGB转化到HSV的算法:
max=max(R,G,B);
min=min(R,G,B);
V=max(R,G,B);
S=(max-min)/max;
if (R = max) H =(G-B)/(max-min)* 60;
if (G = max) H = 120+(B-R)/(max-min)* 60;
if (B = max) H = 240 +(R-G)/(max-min)* 60;
if (H < 0) H = H + 360;
***********************************************************************************************/
/**
* @brief RGB颜色空间 转 HSV颜色空间
* @param rgb:RGB颜色空间参数
* @param hsv:HSV颜色空间参数
* @note The R,G,B values are divided by 255 to change the range from 0..255 to 0..1:
* @return none
*/
void rgb2hsv(color_rgb_t *rgb, color_hsv_t *hsv)
{
float max, min, delta=0;
float r = (float)((float)((int)rgb->r)/255);
float g = (float)((float)((int)rgb->g)/255);
float b = (float)((float)((int)rgb->b)/255);
max = max3(r, g, b);
min = min3(r, g, b);
delta = (max - min);
//printf("r:%f, g:%f, b:%f\n", r, g, b);
if (delta == 0) {
hsv->h = 0;
} else {
if (r == max) {
hsv->h = ((g-b)/delta)*60;
} else if (g == max) {
hsv->h = 120+(((b-r)/delta)*60);
} else if (b == max) {
hsv->h = 240 + (((r-g)/delta)*60);
}
if (hsv->h < 0) {
hsv->h += 360;
}
}
if (max == 0) {
hsv->s = 0;
} else {
hsv->s = (float)(delta/max);
}
hsv->v = max;
rgb->color = (unsigned int)(((rgb->r&0xff)<<16) | ((rgb->g&0xff)<<8) | (rgb->b&0xff));
}
/*************************************************************************
HSV转化到RGB的算法:
if (s = 0)
R=G=B=V;
else
H /= 60;
i = INTEGER(H);
f = H - i;
a = V * ( 1 - s );
b = V * ( 1 - s * f );
c = V * ( 1 - s * (1 - f ) );
switch(i)
case 0: R = V; G = c; B = a;
case 1: R = b; G = v; B = a;
case 2: R = a; G = v; B = c;
case 3: R = a; G = b; B = v;
case 4: R = c; G = a; B = v;
case 5: R = v; G = a; B = b;
*******************************************************************************/
/**
* @brief HSV颜色空间 转 RGB颜色空间
* @param hsv:HSV颜色空间参数
* @param rgb:RGB颜色空间参数
* @note When 0 ≤ H < 360, 0 ≤ S ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ V ≤ 1:
* @return none
*/
void hsv2rgb(color_hsv_t *hsv, color_rgb_t *rgb)
{
int i;
float f,a,b,c;
float h = hsv->h;
float s = hsv->s;
float v = hsv->v;
if (h >= 360) {
h = 0;
}
if (s == 0) {
rgb->r = (unsigned char)((int)(v*255));
rgb->g = (unsigned char)((int)(v*255));
rgb->b = (unsigned char)((int)(v*255));
} else {
h /= 60.0; // sector 0 to 5, h_max=360 360/60=6[0,1,2,3,4,5]
i = (int)floor(h); // floor(h)
f = h-i; // factorial path of h
a = v * (1-s);
b = v * (1-s*f);
c = v * (1-s*(1-f));
switch(i) {
case 0:
rgb->r = (unsigned char)((int)(v*255)); //v*255
rgb->g = (unsigned char)((int)(c*255)); //c*255;
rgb->b = (unsigned char)((int)(a*255)); //a*255;
break;
case 1:
rgb->r = (unsigned char)((int)(b*255)); //b*255;
rgb->g = (unsigned char)((int)(v*255)); //v*255;
rgb->b = (unsigned char)((int)(a*255)); //a*255;
break;
case 2:
rgb->r = (unsigned char)((int)(a*255)); //a*255;
rgb->g = (unsigned char)((int)(v*255)); //v*255;
rgb->b = (unsigned char)((int)(c*255)); //c*255;
break;
case 3:
rgb->r = (unsigned char)((int)(a*255));//a*255;
rgb->g = (unsigned char)((int)(b*255));//b*255;
rgb->b = (unsigned char)((int)(v*255));//v*255;
break;
case 4:
rgb->r = (unsigned char)((int)(c*255)); //c*255;
rgb->g = (unsigned char)((int)(a*255)); //a*255;
rgb->b = (unsigned char)((int)(v*255)); //v*255;
break;
default:
rgb->r = (unsigned char)((int)(v*255)); //v*255;
rgb->g = (unsigned char)((int)(a*255)); //a*255;
rgb->b = (unsigned char)((int)(b*255)); //b*255;
break;
}
}
rgb->color = (unsigned int)(((rgb->r&0xff)<<16) | ((rgb->g&0xff)<<8) | (rgb->b&0xff));
}
/**
* @brief 调节HSV颜色空间 H值(0.0~360.0)
* @param hsv:HSV颜色空间参数
* @param h_offset:调节参数 增加>0.0,减小<0.0
* @return none
*/
void hsv_adjust_h(color_hsv_t *hsv, float h_offset)
{
hsv->h += h_offset;
if (hsv->h >= 360) {
hsv->h = 360;
} else if (hsv->h<=0) {
hsv->h = 0;
}
}
/**
* @brief 调节HSV颜色空间 S值(0.0~1.0)
* @param hsv:HSV颜色空间参数
* @param s_offset:调节参数 增加>0.0,减小<0.0
* @return none
*/
void hsv_adjust_s(color_hsv_t *hsv, float s_offset)
{
hsv->s += s_offset;
if (hsv->s >= 1.0) {
hsv->s = 1.0;
} else if (hsv->s <= 0) {
hsv->s = 0;
}
}
/**
* @brief 调节HSV颜色空间 V值(0.0~1.0)
* @param hsv:HSV颜色空间参数
* @param v_offset:调节参数 增加>0.0,减小<0.0
* @return none
*/
void hsv_adjust_v(color_hsv_t *hsv, float v_offset)
{
hsv->v += v_offset;
if (hsv->v >= 1.0) {
hsv->v = 1.0;
} else if (hsv->v<=0) {
hsv->v = 0;
}
}
// 测试代码
static color_hsv_t hsv;
static color_hsv_t tmp_hsv;
static color_rgb_t rgb;
// 调节H的值整数增加,负数减小
hsv_adjust_h(&hsv, 10.0);
hsv_adjust_h(&hsv, -10.0);
// 调节S的值整数增加,负数减小
hsv_adjust_s(&hsv, 0.05);
hsv_adjust_s(&hsv, -0.05);
// 调节S的值整数增加,负数减小
hsv_adjust_v(&hsv, 0.05);
hsv_adjust_v(&hsv, -0.05);
// HSV颜色空间转RGB颜色空间
hsv.h = 0; // 色调H(hue) 0~360° {R(0°),G(120°),B(240°)}
hsv.s = 0.5; // 饱和度S(saturation) 0~1.0
hsv.v = 1; // 亮度V(value) 0~1.0
hsv2rgb(&hsv, &rgb);
printf("h:%f, s:%f, v:%f, r:%d, g:%d, b:%d, color:0x%06x\n", hsv.h, hsv.s, hsv.v, rgb.r, rgb.g, rgb.b, rgb.color);
// RGB颜色空间转HSV颜色空间
rgb.r = 0xff; // Red 0~255
rgb.g = 0x00; // Green 0~255
rgb.b = 0x00; // Blue 0~255
rgb2hsv(&rgb, &tmp_hsv);
printf("h:%f, s:%f, v:%f\n\n", tmp_hsv.h, tmp_hsv.s, tmp_hsv.v);