socket编程---(一)

1. socket 类提供一系列的方法实现同步或异步的通信
2. socket 类提供了异步方法，比如：同步方法中 Receive对应BeginReceive/EndReceive 方法。
   同步模式
   如果是单线程的程序，可以采用同步操作模式。如果采用面向连接的TCP协议，
   server 端可以调用Bind方法指定监听的端口，再调用Listen方法启动监听，Accept方法处理连接请求并返回一个socket，可以用这个socket与client端交换数据。
   client 端直接调用Connect方法以连接到server，可以调用Send/Receive 来与server端交换数据。

2 异步
如果采用面向连接的TCP协议，server 端调用BeginAccept与EndAccept处理连接请求。
client 端调用BeginConnect 与EndConnect 连接到监听主机，调用BeginSend与EndSend，BeginReceive与EndReceive 同server 交换数据

• 如果采用异步模式，在同一socket进行多次发送/接收数据并不是严格按照它的调用顺序来执行的。

• 当socket 通信完成后。调用Shutdown方法，停止发送或接收数据，再调用Close释放与socket相关的资源。

下面代码示例，演示两个client 连接到同一个server，通过server转发数据，实现两个client端通信
server 端代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Collections;
using System.Threading;

namespace socketServer01
{
    class Program
    {
        //用于保存连接的所有的client
        public static Hashtable nickName;
        public static Hashtable nickNameByConnect;
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            nickName = new Hashtable(100);
            nickNameByConnect = new Hashtable(100);

            //初始化
            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("0.0.0.0");
            TcpListener listener = new TcpListener(ip, 50000);
            //直接初始化端口create listener
            //TcpListener listener = new TcpListener(50000);

            listener.Start();
            Console.WriteLine("Listener 已启动");
            while (true)
            {
                //接收连接请求
                if (listener.Pending())
                {
                    TcpClient client = listener.AcceptTcpClient();
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} ,you are connected", client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString());
                    DoCommunicate chatClient = new DoCommunicate(client);

                }
            }
        }
    }
    class DoCommunicate
    {
        System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient client;

        System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream reader;

       // System.IO.StreamReader reader;
        System.IO.StreamWriter writer;
        
        string nickName;

        public DoCommunicate(System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient tcpClient)
        {
            //create our TcpClient
            client = tcpClient;
            //create a new thread
            Thread chatThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(startChat));
            //start the new thread
            chatThread.Start();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 接收消息
        /// </summary>
        private void runChat()
        //use a try...catch to catch any exceptions
        {
            try
            {
                //set out line variable to an empty string
                string line = "";
                while (true)
                {
                    //read the curent line
                    byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                    //接收消息
                    reader.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
                    line =Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes,0,bytes.Length);
                    Console.WriteLine("收到：" + line);
                    //send our message  
                    //发生消息给所有在线的client

                    SendMsgToAll(nickName, line);  
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e44)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e44);
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 发送数据，并启动接收线程
        /// </summary>
        private void startChat()
        {
            create our StreamReader object to read the current stream
            reader = client.GetStream();

            byte[] bytes= Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Welcome to PCChat! \r\n");
            client.GetStream().Write(bytes,0,bytes.Length);
           
            nickName = client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString();
            //add their nickname to the chat server
            Program.nickName.Add(nickName, client);
            Program.nickNameByConnect.Add(client, nickName);
            //send a system message letting the other user
            //know that a new user has joined the chat

            ///向所有在线的client、发送通知
            SendSystemMessage("** " + nickName + " ** Has joined the room");
            byte[] data=Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Now Talking.....\r\n");
            client.GetStream().Write(data, 0, data.Length);
            client.GetStream().Flush();
            //ensure the buffer is empty
          //  writer.Flush();
            //create a new thread for this user
            // 开启为这个client开启一个线程 用于接收它发送的消息
            Thread chatThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(runChat));
            //start the thread
            chatThread.Start();
        }
        static void SendSystemMessage(string msg) 
        {

            //create our StreamWriter object
            
            System.IO.StreamWriter writer;
            ArrayList ToRemove = new ArrayList(0);
            //create our TcpClient array
            if (Program.nickName.Count > 0)
            {
                System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient[] tcpClients = new System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient[Program.nickName.Count];
               
                //copy the nickname value to the chat servers list
                Program.nickName.Values.CopyTo(tcpClients, 0);
                //loop through and write any messages to the window
                for (int i = 0; i < tcpClients.Length; i++) 
                {
                    try
                    {
                        if (msg.Trim() == "" || tcpClients[i] == null)
                            continue;
                        //writer =new System.IO.StreamWriter(tcpClients[i].GetStream());

                        //writer.WriteLine(msg);
                        //writer.Flush();
                        //writer = null;
                        byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg);
                       
                        tcpClients[i].GetStream().Write(bytes,0,bytes.Length);
                        tcpClients[i].GetStream().Flush();


                    }
                    catch (Exception e)
                    {
                        Program.nickName.Remove(tcpClients[i]);
                        Program.nickNameByConnect.Remove(tcpClients[i]);
                       
                    }
                }

                  
            }
        }
        static void SendMsgToAll(string nick, string msg)
        {
            //create a StreamWriter Object
           
            System.IO.StreamWriter writer;
            ArrayList ToRemove = new ArrayList(0);
            //create a new TCPClient Array
            System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient[] tcpclients = new System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient[Program.nickName.Count];
          
            //copy the users nickname to the CHatServer values
            Program.nickName.Values.CopyTo(tcpclients, 0);

            for (int i = 0; i < tcpclients.Length; i++)
            {
                try
                {
                    if (msg.Trim() == "" || tcpclients[i] == null)
                        continue;
                    writer = new System.IO.StreamWriter(tcpclients[i].GetStream());
                    writer.WriteLine(nick + ":" + msg);
                    writer.Flush();
                    writer = null;
                }
                catch (Exception e)
                {
                    string str = (string)Program.nickNameByConnect[tcpclients[i]];
                    SendSystemMessage("**" + str + "***has left the room"+"\r\n");
                    Program.nickName.Remove(str);
                    Program.nickNameByConnect.Remove(tcpclients[i]);
                    
                }
            }

                
        }
    }
}

client端代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;

namespace socketClient02
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public static TcpClient tcpClient;
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                tcpClient= new TcpClient();
                tcpClient.Connect("192.168.1.158", 50000);
                txtReceive.AppendText("连接成功\r\n");

                //开启线程用于接收远端发过来的信息
                System.Threading.Thread ReceThread = new System.Threading.Thread(new System.Threading.ThreadStart(run));
                ReceThread.Start();
              
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                this.txtReceive.Text = ex.Message;
               
            }
        }

        private void textBox1_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

        }
        private  void run()
        {
            if (tcpClient != null)
            {
                try
                {
                    //create our StreamReader Object, based on the current NetworkStream
                    System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream stream = tcpClient.GetStream();
                    while (true)
                    {

                        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                        stream.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);

                        string msg = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);
                        this.txtReceive.AppendText(msg);
                        this.txtReceive.AppendText("\r\n");

                    }
                }
                catch (Exception e)
                {
                    this.txtReceive.AppendText("socket 连接已断开");
                    tcpClient.Close();
                }

             
            }
        }

        private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //用于发送消息到远端
            string msg = this.textBox3.Text;
            if (msg != null) 
            {
                System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream stream = tcpClient.GetStream();
                txtSend.AppendText(DateTime.Now.ToShortTimeString()+" 发送：" + msg + "\r\n");

                byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg);
                stream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
                this.textBox3.Text = "";
            }
        }
    }
}

源码下载：sourceCode