控制台乱码问题调试笔记

平台：P2020RDB

问题描述：从u-boot到内核启动执行init进程之前，串口控制台输出正常，之后串口控制台输出出现乱码，最后启动到用户登录界面时控制台输出恢复正常。

解决过程：

1.首先对比内核启动信息，发现出现乱码的位置是位于串口硬件初始化之后 

Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 2 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
serial8250.0: ttyS0 at MMIO 0xffe04500 (irq = 42) is a 16550A
console [ttyS0] enabled, bootconsole disabled
console [ttyS0] enabled, bootconsole disabled
brd: module loaded

乱码前的最后正常输出是：

Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 2 ports, IRQ sharing enabled

2.分析后面的的输出信息，可以得到下面这些结论：

乱码过程发生在bootconsole到real console切换的过程中

3.第一句不正常的输出是

serial8250.0: ttyS0 at MMIO 0xffe04500 (irq = 42) is a 16550A

这句话应该是在uart_report_port函数中输出的，但此时console切换还没发生，之所以此处未能正正确输出，是因为此条信息保存在buf内，等到此条信息输出到控制台时，控制台已经切换，并在切换过程中发生了串口波特率的设置bug

static inline void
uart_report_port(struct uart_driver *drv, struct uart_port *port)
{
	char address[64];

	switch (port->iotype) {
	case UPIO_PORT:
		snprintf(address, sizeof(address), "I/O 0x%lx", port->iobase);
		break;
	case UPIO_HUB6:
		snprintf(address, sizeof(address),
			 "I/O 0x%lx offset 0x%x", port->iobase, port->hub6);
		break;
	case UPIO_MEM:
	case UPIO_MEM32:
	case UPIO_AU:
	case UPIO_TSI:
	case UPIO_DWAPB:
		snprintf(address, sizeof(address),
			 "MMIO 0x%llx", (unsigned long long)port->mapbase);
		break;
	default:
		strlcpy(address, "*unknown*", sizeof(address));
		break;
	}

	printk(KERN_INFO "%s%s%s%d at %s (irq = %d) is a %s\n",
	       port->dev ? dev_name(port->dev) : "",
	       port->dev ? ": " : "",
	       drv->dev_name,
	       drv->tty_driver->name_base + port->line,
	       address, port->irq, uart_type(port));
}

4.串口控制台的切换在函数register_console.

void register_console(struct console *newcon)
{
	int i;
	unsigned long flags;
	struct console *bcon = NULL;

	/*
	 * before we register a new CON_BOOT console, make sure we don't
	 * already have a valid console
	 */
	if (console_drivers && newcon->flags & CON_BOOT) {
		/* find the last or real console */
		for_each_console(bcon) {
			if (!(bcon->flags & CON_BOOT)) {
				printk(KERN_INFO "Too late to register bootconsole %s%d\n",
					newcon->name, newcon->index);
				return;
			}
		}
	}

	if (console_drivers && console_drivers->flags & CON_BOOT)
		bcon = console_drivers;

	if (preferred_console < 0 || bcon || !console_drivers)
		preferred_console = selected_console;

	if (newcon->early_setup)
		newcon->early_setup();

	/*
	 *	See if we want to use this console driver. If we
	 *	didn't select a console we take the first one
	 *	that registers here.
	 */
	if (preferred_console < 0) {
		if (newcon->index < 0)
			newcon->index = 0;
		if (newcon->setup == NULL ||
		    newcon->setup(newcon, NULL) == 0) {
			newcon->flags |= CON_ENABLED;
			if (newcon->device) {
				newcon->flags |= CON_CONSDEV;
				preferred_console = 0;
			}
		}
	}

	/*
	 *	See if this console matches one we selected on
	 *	the command line.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < MAX_CMDLINECONSOLES && console_cmdline[i].name[0];
			i++) {
		if (strcmp(console_cmdline[i].name, newcon->name) != 0)
			continue;
		if (newcon->index >= 0 &&
		    newcon->index != console_cmdline[i].index)
			continue;
		if (newcon->index < 0)
			newcon->index = console_cmdline[i].index;
#ifdef CONFIG_A11Y_BRAILLE_CONSOLE
		if (console_cmdline[i].brl_options) {
			newcon->flags |= CON_BRL;
			braille_register_console(newcon,
					console_cmdline[i].index,
					console_cmdline[i].options,
					console_cmdline[i].brl_options);
			return;
		}
#endif
		if (newcon->setup &&
		    newcon->setup(newcon, console_cmdline[i].options) != 0)
			break;
		newcon->flags |= CON_ENABLED;
		newcon->index = console_cmdline[i].index;
		if (i == selected_console) {
			newcon->flags |= CON_CONSDEV;
			preferred_console = selected_console;
		}
		break;
	}

	if (!(newcon->flags & CON_ENABLED))
		return;

	/*
	 * If we have a bootconsole, and are switching to a real console,
	 * don't print everything out again, since when the boot console, and
	 * the real console are the same physical device, it's annoying to
	 * see the beginning boot messages twice
	 */
	if (bcon && ((newcon->flags & (CON_CONSDEV | CON_BOOT)) == CON_CONSDEV))
		newcon->flags &= ~CON_PRINTBUFFER;

	/*
	 *	Put this console in the list - keep the
	 *	preferred driver at the head of the list.
	 */
	acquire_console_sem();
	if ((newcon->flags & CON_CONSDEV) || console_drivers == NULL) {
		newcon->next = console_drivers;
		console_drivers = newcon;
		if (newcon->next)
			newcon->next->flags &= ~CON_CONSDEV;
	} else {
		newcon->next = console_drivers->next;
		console_drivers->next = newcon;
	}
	if (newcon->flags & CON_PRINTBUFFER) {
		/*
		 * release_console_sem() will print out the buffered messages
		 * for us.
		 */
		spin_lock_irqsave(&logbuf_lock, flags);
		con_start = log_start;
		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&logbuf_lock, flags);
	}
	release_console_sem();

	/*
	 * By unregistering the bootconsoles after we enable the real console
	 * we get the "console xxx enabled" message on all the consoles -
	 * boot consoles, real consoles, etc - this is to ensure that end
	 * users know there might be something in the kernel's log buffer that
	 * went to the bootconsole (that they do not see on the real console)
	 */
	if (bcon && ((newcon->flags & (CON_CONSDEV | CON_BOOT)) == CON_CONSDEV)) {
		/* we need to iterate through twice, to make sure we print
		 * everything out, before we unregister the console(s)
		 */
		printk(KERN_INFO "console [%s%d] enabled, bootconsole disabled\n",
			newcon->name, newcon->index);
		for_each_console(bcon)
			if (bcon->flags & CON_BOOT)
				unregister_console(bcon);
	} else {
		printk(KERN_INFO "%sconsole [%s%d] enabled\n",
			(newcon->flags & CON_BOOT) ? "boot" : "" ,
			newcon->name, newcon->index);
	}
}

在register_console函数里面调用了newcon->setup（），分析代码这个setup函数是硬件相关的8250的串口setup函数:serial8250_console_setup

static int __init serial8250_console_setup(struct console *co, char *options)
{
	struct uart_port *port;
	int baud = 9600;
	int bits = 8;
	int parity = 'n';
	int flow = 'n';

	/*
	 * Check whether an invalid uart number has been specified, and
	 * if so, search for the first available port that does have
	 * console support.
	 */
	if (co->index >= nr_uarts)
		co->index = 0;
	port = &serial8250_ports[co->index].port;
	if (!port->iobase && !port->membase)
		return -ENODEV;

	if (options)
		uart_parse_options(options, &baud, &parity, &bits, &flow);

	return uart_set_options(port, co, baud, parity, bits, flow);
}

我的项目问题就出现在下面的代码

if (options)
		uart_parse_options(options, &baud, &parity, &bits, &flow);

options，是从u-boot传入的启动参数里面会有串口的波特率设置，但是我的项目的u-boot在RAM中直接加载内核时，启动参数没有能够正确传送到内核。

workaround是在在set之前重新设置baud的数值，与u-boot一致

if (options)
		uart_parse_options(options, &baud, &parity, &bits, &flow);
baud = 115200
	return uart_set_options(port, co, baud, parity, bits, flow);