C# 中GetHashCode 与Equals

今天说一下C# 中重写public override int GetHashCode()与 public override bool Equals(object obj)

假设我们有Person 类， 向给基于Hash的Collection（比如HashTable和Dictionary）的Key定义Hash值， 有个两个Person 实例 id 不同 ，但是名字相同

代码如下:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace TestGetHashCode
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            IDictionary<Person, Object> dic = new Dictionary<Person,Object>();

            Person p1 = new Person();
            p1.Id = 1;
            p1.Name = "name1";
            p1.Age = 20;
            dic.Add(p1, "111");

            Person p2 = new Person();
            p2.Id = 2;
            p2.Name = "name2";
            p2.Age = 20;
            dic.Add(p2, "222");

            if (dic.ContainsKey(p1))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Contains");
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Not Contains");
            }


          //  IList<Person> list = new List<Person>();


        }


    }


    class Person
    {

        private object parent;

        public object Parent
        {
            get { return parent; }
            set { parent = value; }
        }
        private int id;

        public int Id
        {
            get { return id; }
            set { id = value; }
        }
        private string name;
        private int age;

        public int Age
        {
            get { return age; }
            set { age = value; }
        }

        public string Name
        {
            get { return name; }
            set { name = value; }
        }

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("In GetHashCode");
            //   Random num = new Random();
            //   int a = num.Next(1,100);
            int hashCode = (this.Id == 0 || this.Id == null) ? 0 : this.Id.GetHashCode();
            if (this.parent != null)
            {
                hashCode = 31 * hashCode + this.parent.GetHashCode();
            }
            return hashCode;
        }


        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Equal 被执行");

            if (obj == null || GetType() != obj.GetType())
            {
                return false;
            }

            return this.Id == (obj as Person).Id;
        }

    } 
}

在执行 dic.Add(p1, "111"); 时候只会调用GetHashCode。
在执行 dic.Add(p2, "222"); 时候只会调用GetHashCode 不会调用Equals方法，
如果把Person p2的Id 改成和 P1的Id 改成一样则会报ArgumentException {"An item with the same key has already been added."}
这样就可以防止有相同Id 的Person 实例被添加到集合中

所以这样可以证明两个实体相等，他们的HashCode一定相等，但是HashCode相等，两个实体不一定相等

在执行if (dic.ContainsKey(p1))时，会先调用p1的GetHashCode方法，再调Equals方法。

如果我们修改程序，让Id 可以相同，但名字不同的人也可以加入集合dic

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace TestGetHashCode
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            IDictionary<Person, Object> dic = new Dictionary<Person,Object>();

            Person p1 = new Person();
            p1.Id = 1;
            p1.Name = "name1";
            p1.Age = 20;
            dic.Add(p1, "111");

            Person p2 = new Person();
            p2.Id = 1;
            p2.Name = "name2";
            p2.Age = 20;
            dic.Add(p2, "222");

            if (dic.ContainsKey(p1))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Contains");
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Not Contains");
            }





        }


    }


    class Person
    {

        private object parent;

        public object Parent
        {
            get { return parent; }
            set { parent = value; }
        }
        private int id;

        public int Id
        {
            get { return id; }
            set { id = value; }
        }
        private string name;
        private int age;

        public int Age
        {
            get { return age; }
            set { age = value; }
        }

        public string Name
        {
            get { return name; }
            set { name = value; }
        }

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("In GetHashCode");
            //   Random num = new Random();
            //   int a = num.Next(1,100);
            int hashCode = (this.Id == 0 || this.Id == null) ? 0 : this.Id.GetHashCode();
            if (this.parent != null)
            {
                hashCode = 31 * hashCode + this.parent.GetHashCode();
            }
            return hashCode;
        }


        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Equal 被执行");

            if (obj == null || GetType() != obj.GetType())
            {
                return false;
            }

            return this.Id == (obj as Person).Id && this.Name == (obj as Person).Name;
        }

    } 
}

在执行 dic.Add(p2, "222"); 时候除了会调用GetHashCode外，还会调用Equals方法

在执行if (dic.ContainsKey(p1))时，会先调用p1的GetHashCode方法，再调Equals方法。 这次会调用两次Equals方法，因为这个时候p1 和 p2在 dic集合里面的HashCode都是一样的。 第一次会让传入的obj和p2进行比较，然后会和p1 和 obj进行比较，最终输出Contains

Java 中这块的原理和C#相同