C++ Primer Plus 学习笔记 第十章 类和对象 构造函数和析构函数 类函数的const

类中的各个变量和函数 默认是private 所以 一般可以不用写 如果是public 或者protected的话要显式的声明

如果定义了非默认的构造函数，那么必须要在定义一个默认构造函数 

定义默认构造函数的方法有两种，一种是参数全部给默认值，一种不传参（）

两种方法只能选其一不能同时用 不然会有二义性

举例：

Stock(const string& co = "Error", int n =0);

Stock();

析构函数

~Stock();

 

成员名和形参：

关于析构函数：

创建对象的两个方法 一种是直接创建，另一种是穿件临时兑现然后复制到指定的对象变量所指的内存中

如果是第二种的话在释放临时对象时调用析构函数

这个释放时间根据编译器而有所不同。

上示例代码

stock10.h

#ifndef STOCK00_H_
#define STOCK00_H_

#include <string>

class Stock
{
  private:
    std::string company;
    long shares;
    double share_val;
    double total_val;
    void set_tot() { total_val = shares * share_val;}
  public:
    Stock();
    Stock(const std::string & co, long n = 0, double pr = 0.0);
    ~Stock();
    void acquire(const std::string & co, long n, double pr);
    void buy(long num, double price);
    void sell(long num, double price);
    void update(double price);
    void show();
};

#endif

stock10.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "stock10.h"

Stock::Stock()
{
  std::cout << "Default constructor called\n";
  company = "no name";
  shares = 0;
  share_val = 0.0;
  total_val = 0.0;
}

Stock::Stock(const std::string & co, long n, double pr)
{
  std::cout << "Constructor using " << co << " called\n";
  company = co;

  if (n < 0)
  {
    std::cout << "Number of shares can't be negative; "
              << company << " shares set to 0.\n";
    shares = 0;
  }
  else
    shares = 1;
  share_val = pr;
  set_tot();
}

Stock::~Stock()
{
  std::cout << "Bye, " << company << "!\n";
}

void Stock::buy(long num, double price)
{
  if (num < 0)
  {
    std::cout << "Number of shares purchased can't be negative. "
              << "Transaction is aborted.\n";
  }
  else
  {
    shares += num;
    share_val = price;
    set_tot();
  }
}
void Stock::sell(long num, double price)
{
  using std::cout;
  if (num < 0)
  {
    cout << "Number of shares sold can't be negative. "
         << "Transaction is aborted.\n";
  }
  else if (num > shares)
  {
    cout << "You can't sell more than you have! "
         << "Transaction is aborted.\n";
  }
  else
  {
    shares -= num;
    share_val = price;
    set_tot();
  }
}
void Stock::update(double price)
{
  share_val = price;
  set_tot();
}

void Stock::show()
{
  // std::cout << "Company: " << company
  //           << " Shares: " << shares << '\n'
  //           << " shares Price: $" << share_val
  //           << " Total Worth: $" << total_val << '\n';
  using std::cout;
  using std::ios_base;
  ios_base::fmtflags orig = 
    cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield);
  std::streamsize prec = cout.precision(3);

  cout << "Company: " << company
       << " Shares: " << shares << '\n'
       << " shares Price: $" << share_val;
  cout.precision(2);
  cout << " Total Worth: $" << total_val << '\n';
  cout .setf(orig, ios_base::floatfield);
  cout.precision(prec);
}

usestock2.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "stock10.h"
int main()
{
  {
    using std::cout;
    cout << "Using constructors to create new objects\n";
    Stock stock1("NanoSmart", 12, 20.0);
    stock1.show();
    Stock stock2 = Stock("Boffo Objects", 2, 2.0);
    stock2.show();

    cout << "Assigning stock1 to stock2:\n";
    stock2 = stock1;
    cout << "Listing stock1 and stock2:\n";
    stock1.show();
    stock2.show();

    cout << "Using a constructor to reset an object\n";
    stock1 = Stock("Nifty Foods", 10, 50.0);
    cout << "Revised stock1:\n";
    stock1.show();
    cout << "Done\n";
  }
  return 0;
}

运行结果

main()的大括号

对象间赋值

对象重新初始化

对象也能够使用列表初始化 只要顺序对

关于对象函数的const

 

最后说个 对象初始化可以这样（针对构造函数只有1个形参）：

Bozo tubby = 32;

但是可能会出问题 所以 在后面会介绍如何关闭这种特性

完结 明天继续