慢学英文版UNIX/Linux系统管理员手册16

##Booting and Shutting down
一：正文
Like most things UNIX,system startup and shutdown have matured into carefully engineered processes that accommodate many possible contingencies. As administrators, we negotiate the intricacies of the boot process to prevent and trouble-shoot problems. An effective sysadmin understands the fundamentals first.
Bootstrapping has always been somewhat mysterious, but it was simpler in the days when manufacturers controlled every aspect of the system’s hardware and software .Now that we have Linux and Solaris running on PC hardware, the boot procedure has to play by PC rules and deal with many potential configurations. Although we discuss the boot procedure for all our example systems in this chapter, you’ll see that we have quite a bit more to say about the PC-based versions of UNIX than about the “captive” systems.
This chapter appears early in the book, but it refers to material that is not discussed in detail until many hundreds of pages later. In particular, familiarity with the material in Chapter 6, The Filesystem, and Chapter 13,Drivers and the Kernel, will prove helpful.
二：单词
*：matured /mə’tʃʊəd/ 成熟的
*：engineered 设计的
*：accommodate /ə’kɒmədeɪt/ 适应
*：contingencies /kən’tɪndʒənsi/ 意外事件
*：negotiate /nɪ’gəʊʃɪeɪt/ 谈判
*：intricacies /'intrikəsiz/ 错综复杂的事物
*：prevent /prɪ’vent/ 阻止
*：effective /ɪ’fektɪv/ 起作用的
*：fundamentals /,fʌndə’mentlz/ 原理
*：bootstrapping /'bu:tstræpiŋ/ 引导指令
*：mysterious /mɪ’stɪərɪəs/ 难解的
*：simpler /'sɪmplə/ 更简单的
*：manufacturers /,mænju’fæktʃərəz/ 厂商
*：controlled /kən’trəʊld/ 控制
*：aspect /'æspekt/ 方面
*：procedure /prə’siːdʒə/ 步骤
*：deal 处理
*：potential /pəˈtenʃl/ 可能的
*：detail /'diːteɪl/ 详细
*：particular /pəˈtɪkjʊlə®/ 个别项目
*：familiarity /fəmɪlɪ’ærɪtɪ/ 精通
三：全文
和大多数事物一样，UNIX系统的启动和关机已经发展的很成熟，启动和关机过程可以仔细配置，以适应很多可能的情形。作为系统管理员，我们要处理好错综复杂的引导过程，做到能够防止和排查问题。高效的系统管理员首先要掌握着方面的基础知识。
尽管系统的引导过程一直带有点神秘色彩，不过，一旦制造商能够控制系统软硬件方面，这个过程就简单起来了。既然我们让Linux和Solaris在PC硬件上运行，那么引导过程就要按照PC的规则来执行，并且要能应付大量可能的不同配置。虽然在这一章里，我们对几种示例系统的引导过程都会讨论，但读者会看到，我们对基于PC的UNIX版本讲的多一些，而对受限的系统讲的少一些。