基于ZeroMQ的消息发布订阅示例程序

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项目代码仓库

项目简介

本文展示如何使用C++和ZeroMQ库实现一个简单的消息发布订阅系统。通过引用zmq.hpp（依赖于zmq.h），实现了服务端和客户端的消息通信。
服务端发布随机消息，而客户端根据类型进行订阅。

程序介绍

• 服务端通过server.ipc发布随机消息，消息类型包含A、B和C三种。
• 客户端A订阅A类型消息，客户端B订阅B类型消息，客户端C订阅C类型消息。
• 服务端同时订阅所有客户端的消息，以便进行进一步处理。

客户端代码

客户端代码分为订阅端和发布端。以下是客户端实现：

#include <zmq.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
#include <cstring>

static uint64_t s_index = 0;
const int CONTEXT_THREADS = 1;
const int MSG_LENGTH = 5;

void Subscribe(const char *filter) {
    zmq::context_t context(CONTEXT_THREADS);
    zmq::socket_t subscriber(context, ZMQ_SUB);
    const std::string url = "ipc://server.ipc";
    subscriber.connect(url.c_str());
    std::cout << "Subscribe url: " << url << std::endl;

    subscriber.setsockopt(ZMQ_SUBSCRIBE, filter, strlen(filter));
    std::cout << "Filter: " << filter << std::endl;

    for (int index = 0; index < 100; ++index) {
        zmq::message_t msg;
        subscriber.recv(&msg);
        std::string code(static_cast<char *>(msg.data()), MSG_LENGTH);
        std::string data(static_cast<char *>(msg.data()) + MSG_LENGTH, msg.size() - MSG_LENGTH);
        std::cout << "[Recv] Code: " << code << ", Data: " << data << std::endl;
    }
}

void Publish(const char *filter) {
    zmq::context_t context(CONTEXT_THREADS);
    zmq::socket_t publisher(context, ZMQ_PUB);

    const std::string url = "ipc://" + std::string(filter) + ".ipc";
    std::cout << "Publish url: " << url << std::endl;
    publisher.bind(url.c_str()); // Not usable on Windows.

    while (true) {
        const std::string msg = "Hello, I am " + std::string(filter) + ", " + std::to_string(s_index++);
        zmq::message_t zmq_msg(msg.data(), msg.size());
        publisher.send(zmq_msg, zmq::send_flags::none);
        std::cout << "Send: " << msg << std::endl;
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(100));
    }
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    const char *filter = (argc > 1) ? argv[1] : "1111A";
    std::thread recvThread(Subscribe, filter);
    recvThread.detach();

    std::thread sendThread(Publish, filter);
    sendThread.detach();

    while (true) {
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(100));
    }
    return 0;
}

服务端代码

服务端负责发布消息和订阅客户端的消息。以下是服务端实现：

#include <zmq.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <chrono>
#include <cstring>

#define within(num) (rand() % (num - num / 10 + 1)) + num / 10

const char *id_A = "1111A";
const char *id_B = "1111B";
const char *id_C = "1111C";

static uint64_t s_index = 0;
const int CONTEXT_THREADS = 1;
const int MSG_LENGTH = 5;

void PubMsg(const char *id, const std::string &msg, zmq::socket_t &publisher) {
    std::string index = ", index: " + std::to_string(s_index++);
    zmq::message_t zmq_msg(msg.size() + index.size() + MSG_LENGTH);
    std::memcpy(static_cast<char *>(zmq_msg.data()), id, MSG_LENGTH);
    std::memcpy(static_cast<char *>(zmq_msg.data()) + MSG_LENGTH, msg.c_str(), msg.size());
    std::memcpy(static_cast<char *>(zmq_msg.data()) + MSG_LENGTH + msg.size(), index.c_str(), index.size());
    publisher.send(zmq_msg, zmq::send_flags::none);
}

void Publish() {
    zmq::context_t context(CONTEXT_THREADS);
    zmq::socket_t publisher(context, ZMQ_PUB);
    const std::string url = "ipc://server.ipc";
    publisher.bind(url.c_str()); // Not usable on Windows.
    std::cout << "Publish url: " << url << std::endl;

    srandom(static_cast<unsigned>(time(NULL)));
    while (true) {
        int code = within(100);
        if (code == 10) {
            PubMsg(id_A, "Hello A", publisher);
        } else if (code == 11) {
            PubMsg(id_B, "Hello B", publisher);
        } else {
            PubMsg(id_C, "Hello C", publisher);
        }
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
    }
}

void DoRecv(const char *id, const zmq::message_t &msg) {
    std::string data(static_cast<const char *>(msg.data()), msg.size());
    std::cout << "ID: " << id << ", Data: " << data << std::endl;
}

void Subscribe(const char *id) {
    const std::string url = "ipc://" + std::string(id) + ".ipc";
    zmq::context_t context(CONTEXT_THREADS);
    zmq::socket_t subscriber(context, ZMQ_SUB);
    subscriber.connect(url.c_str());
    subscriber.setsockopt(ZMQ_SUBSCRIBE, "", 0);
    std::cout << "Subscribe url: " << url << std::endl;

    while (true) {
        zmq::message_t msg;
        subscriber.recv(&msg);
        DoRecv(id, msg);
    }
}

int main() {
    std::thread sendThread(Publish);
    sendThread.detach();

    std::thread recvThreadA(Subscribe, id_A);
    recvThreadA.detach();

    std::thread recvThreadB(Subscribe, id_B);
    recvThreadB.detach();

    while (true) {
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(100));
    }
    return 0;
}