VFS之文件操作

文件操作，文件操作是所有文件提供给用户的最外层接口。这些接口一般稳定，不需要经常变更。
比如或open，close等。Linux内核可以针对特殊的文件设置一套文件操作接口，但一般使用这些
就可以满足，如果需要，可以扩展ioctl函数，使用带有cmd的参数，提供多种功能选择。
struct file_operations {
 struct module *owner;
 loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
 ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
 ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
 ssize_t (*read_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
 ssize_t (*write_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
 int (*iterate) (struct file *, struct dir_context *);
 int (*iterate_shared) (struct file *, struct dir_context *);
 unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
 long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
 long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
 int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
 int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
 int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);
 int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
 int (*fsync) (struct file *, loff_t, loff_t, int datasync);
 int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
 int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
 ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);
 unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);
 int (*check_flags)(int);
 int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
 ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int);
 ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int);
 int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **, void **);
 long (*fallocate)(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t offset,
     loff_t len);
 void (*show_fdinfo)(struct seq_file *m, struct file *f);
#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
 unsigned (*mmap_capabilities)(struct file *);
#endif
 ssize_t (*copy_file_range)(struct file *, loff_t, struct file *,
   loff_t, size_t, unsigned int);
 int (*clone_file_range)(struct file *, loff_t, struct file *, loff_t,
   u64);
 ssize_t (*dedupe_file_range)(struct file *, u64, u64, struct file *,
   u64);
};