运行以下语句:from skimage import transform
出现如题所示错误,出现错误是因为
C:\Users\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\skimage\util
这个文件中的第八行代码要从arraypad.py中导入一个名为_validate_lengths的函数,而系统在该文件中找不到该函数,出现这个错误可能是因为numpy版本升级导致的,但不建议降低numpy版本。解决办法如下:
第一步:
在C:\Users\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\skimage\util目录中找到arraycrop.py,并打开,该文件中已经给出了因为numpy版本变化导致arraycrop不可用的方法,即将以注释方式给出的两个函数复制到
C:\Users\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\numpy\lib目录中找到arraypad.py文件中。相关注释如下所示:
# The below functions are retained in comments in case the NumPy architecture
# changes and we need copies of these helper functions for `crop`.
# These are identical to functions in numpy.lib.arraypad.py as of NumPy v1.11
# def _normalize_shape(ndarray, shape, cast_to_int=True):
# """
# Private function which does some checks and normalizes the possibly
# much simpler representations of 'pad_width', 'stat_length',
# 'constant_values', 'end_values'.
#
# Parameters
# ----------
# narray : ndarray
# Input ndarray
# shape : {sequence, array_like, float, int}, optional
# The width of padding (pad_width), the number of elements on the
# edge of the narray used for statistics (stat_length), the constant
# value(s) to use when filling padded regions (constant_values), or the
# endpoint target(s) for linear ramps (end_values).
# ((before_1, after_1), ... (before_N, after_N)) unique number of
# elements for each axis where `N` is rank of `narray`.
# ((before, after),) yields same before and after constants for each
# axis.
# (constant,) or val is a shortcut for before = after = constant for
# all axes.
# cast_to_int : bool, optional
# Controls if values in ``shape`` will be rounded and cast to int
# before being returned.
#
# Returns
# -------
# normalized_shape : tuple of tuples
# val => ((val, val), (val, val), ...)
# [[val1, val2], [val3, val4], ...] => ((val1, val2), (val3, val4), ...)
# ((val1, val2), (val3, val4), ...) => no change
# [[val1, val2], ] => ((val1, val2), (val1, val2), ...)
# ((val1, val2), ) => ((val1, val2), (val1, val2), ...)
# [[val , ], ] => ((val, val), (val, val), ...)
# ((val , ), ) => ((val, val), (val, val), ...)
#
# """
# ndims = ndarray.ndim
#
# # Shortcut shape=None
# if shape is None:
# return ((None, None), ) * ndims
#
# # Convert any input `info` to a NumPy array
# arr = np.asarray(shape)
#
# # Switch based on what input looks like
# if arr.ndim <= 1:
# if arr.shape == () or arr.shape == (1,):
# # Single scalar input
# # Create new array of ones, multiply by the scalar
# arr = np.ones((ndims, 2), dtype=ndarray.dtype) * arr
# elif arr.shape == (2,):
# # Apply padding (before, after) each axis
# # Create new axis 0, repeat along it for every axis
# arr = arr[np.newaxis, :].repeat(ndims, axis=0)
# else:
# fmt = "Unable to create correctly shaped tuple from %s"
# raise ValueError(fmt % (shape,))
#
# elif arr.ndim == 2:
# if arr.shape[1] == 1 and arr.shape[0] == ndims:
# # Padded before and after by the same amount
# arr = arr.repeat(2, axis=1)
# elif arr.shape[0] == ndims:
# # Input correctly formatted, pass it on as `arr`
# arr = shape
# else:
# fmt = "Unable to create correctly shaped tuple from %s"
# raise ValueError(fmt % (shape,))
#
# else:
# fmt = "Unable to create correctly shaped tuple from %s"
# raise ValueError(fmt % (shape,))
#
# # Cast if necessary
# if cast_to_int is True:
# arr = np.round(arr).astype(int)
#
# # Convert list of lists to tuple of tuples
# return tuple(tuple(axis) for axis in arr.tolist())
# def _validate_lengths(narray, number_elements):
# """
# Private function which does some checks and reformats pad_width and
# stat_length using _normalize_shape.
#
# Parameters
# ----------
# narray : ndarray
# Input ndarray
# number_elements : {sequence, int}, optional
# The width of padding (pad_width) or the number of elements on the edge
# of the narray used for statistics (stat_length).
# ((before_1, after_1), ... (before_N, after_N)) unique number of
# elements for each axis.
# ((before, after),) yields same before and after constants for each
# axis.
# (constant,) or int is a shortcut for before = after = constant for all
# axes.
#
# Returns
# -------
# _validate_lengths : tuple of tuples
# int => ((int, int), (int, int), ...)
# [[int1, int2], [int3, int4], ...] => ((int1, int2), (int3, int4), ...)
# ((int1, int2), (int3, int4), ...) => no change
# [[int1, int2], ] => ((int1, int2), (int1, int2), ...)
# ((int1, int2), ) => ((int1, int2), (int1, int2), ...)
# [[int , ], ] => ((int, int), (int, int), ...)
# ((int , ), ) => ((int, int), (int, int), ...)
#
# """
# normshp = _normalize_shape(narray, number_elements)
# for i in normshp:
# chk = [1 if x is None else x for x in i]
# chk = [1 if x >= 0 else -1 for x in chk]
# if (chk[0] < 0) or (chk[1] < 0):
# fmt = "%s cannot contain negative values."
# raise ValueError(fmt % (number_elements,))
# return normshp
第二步:
在C:\Users\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\numpy\lib目录中找到arraypad.py并打开,在954行之后,插入去掉注释的两个函数:
def _normalize_shape(ndarray, shape, cast_to_int=True):
"""
Private function which does some checks and normalizes the possibly
much simpler representations of 'pad_width', 'stat_length',
'constant_values', 'end_values'.
Parameters
----------
narray : ndarray
Input ndarray
shape : {sequence, array_like, float, int}, optional
The width of padding (pad_width), the number of elements on the
edge of the narray used for statistics (stat_length), the constant
value(s) to use when filling padded regions (constant_values), or the
endpoint target(s) for linear ramps (end_values).
((before_1, after_1), ... (before_N, after_N)) unique number of
elements for each axis where `N` is rank of `narray`.
((before, after),) yields same before and after constants for each
axis.
(constant,) or val is a shortcut for before = after = constant for
all axes.
cast_to_int : bool, optional
Controls if values in ``shape`` will be rounded and cast to int
before being returned.
Returns
-------
normalized_shape : tuple of tuples
val => ((val, val), (val, val), ...)
[[val1, val2], [val3, val4], ...] => ((val1, val2), (val3, val4), ...)
((val1, val2), (val3, val4), ...) => no change
[[val1, val2], ] => ((val1, val2), (val1, val2), ...)
((val1, val2), ) => ((val1, val2), (val1, val2), ...)
[[val , ], ] => ((val, val), (val, val), ...)
((val , ), ) => ((val, val), (val, val), ...)
"""
ndims = ndarray.ndim
# Shortcut shape=None
if shape is None:
return ((None, None), ) * ndims
# Convert any input `info` to a NumPy array
shape_arr = np.asarray(shape)
try:
shape_arr = np.broadcast_to(shape_arr, (ndims, 2))
except ValueError:
fmt = "Unable to create correctly shaped tuple from %s"
raise ValueError(fmt % (shape,))
# Cast if necessary
if cast_to_int is True:
shape_arr = np.round(shape_arr).astype(int)
# Convert list of lists to tuple of tuples
return tuple(tuple(axis) for axis in shape_arr.tolist())
def _validate_lengths(narray, number_elements):
"""
Private function which does some checks and reformats pad_width and
stat_length using _normalize_shape.
Parameters
----------
narray : ndarray
Input ndarray
number_elements : {sequence, int}, optional
The width of padding (pad_width) or the number of elements on the edge
of the narray used for statistics (stat_length).
((before_1, after_1), ... (before_N, after_N)) unique number of
elements for each axis.
((before, after),) yields same before and after constants for each
axis.
(constant,) or int is a shortcut for before = after = constant for all
axes.
Returns
-------
_validate_lengths : tuple of tuples
int => ((int, int), (int, int), ...)
[[int1, int2], [int3, int4], ...] => ((int1, int2), (int3, int4), ...)
((int1, int2), (int3, int4), ...) => no change
[[int1, int2], ] => ((int1, int2), (int1, int2), ...)
((int1, int2), ) => ((int1, int2), (int1, int2), ...)
[[int , ], ] => ((int, int), (int, int), ...)
((int , ), ) => ((int, int), (int, int), ...)
"""
normshp = _normalize_shape(narray, number_elements)
for i in normshp:
chk = [1 if x is None else x for x in i]
chk = [1 if x >= 0 else -1 for x in chk]
if (chk[0] < 0) or (chk[1] < 0):
fmt = "%s cannot contain negative values."
raise ValueError(fmt % (number_elements,))
return normshp