多线程的条件下,程序很容易出现死锁,此时各个线程处于等待状态,可以通过gdb调试找到死锁出现的地方。
例子:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
pthread_mutex_t lockA = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_mutex_t lockB = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
void *thread_A(void *arg) {
(void)arg;
pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
printf("%lu : Acquire lockA...\n", tid);
pthread_mutex_lock(&lockA);
printf("%lu : lockA acquired, Acquire lockB...\n", tid);
pthread_mutex_lock(&lockB);
printf("%lu : lockB acquired\n", tid);
printf("Exit thread_A...\n");
pthread_mutex_unlock(&lockB);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&lockA);
return 0;
}
void *thread_B(void *arg) {
(void)arg;
pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
printf("%lu : Acquire lockB...\n", tid);
pthread_mutex_lock(&lockB);
printf("%lu : lockB acquired, Acquire lockA...\n", tid);
pthread_mutex_lock(&lockA);
printf("%lu : lockA acquired\n", tid);
printf("Exit thread_B...\n");
pthread_mutex_unlock(&lockA);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&lockB);
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
(void)argc;
(void)argv;
pthread_t pA;
pthread_t pB;
pthread_create(&pA, 0, thread_A, 0);
pthread_create(&pB, 0, thread_B, 0);
pthread_join(pA, 0);
pthread_join(pB, 0);
printf("quit...\n");
return 0;
}
编译:gcc -g -o deadlock deadlock.c -lpthread
运行可执行文件,直到出现死锁情况。
如下命令进行调试:
1. ps aux | grep deadlock:找到该进程号
2. gdb deadlock PID: 进入进程调试
3. generate-core-file:查看线程前,保存core文件
4. info threads: 查看所有线程
5. thread 2: 选择进入第二个线程
6. bt: 查看该线程调用的堆栈信息
可以看到出现死锁的位置在源文件的35行,这样就很顺利的找到了死锁出现的位置。