make menuconfig
Target options #配置项目参数
-> Target Architecture = ARM (little endian)
-> Target Binary Format = ELF
-> Target Architecture Variant = cortex-A7
-> Target ABI = EABIhf
-> Floating point strategy = NEON/VFPv4
-> ARM instruction set = ARM
Toolchain #配置交叉编译工具链
-> Toolchain type = External toolchain
-> Toolchain = Custom toolchain //用户自己的交叉编译器
-> Toolchain origin = Pre-installed toolchain //预装的编译器
-> Toolchain path //编译器路径 =/usr/local/arm/gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf
-> Toolchain prefix = $(ARCH)-linux-gnueabihf //前缀
-> External toolchain gcc version = 4.9.x
-> External toolchain kernel headers series = 4.1.x
-> External toolchain C library = glibc/eglibc
-> [] Toolchain has SSP support? (NEW) //选中
-> [] Toolchain has RPC support? (NEW) //选中
-> [] Toolchain has C++ support? //选中
-> [] Enable MMU support (NEW) //选中
System configuration #系统配置
-> System hostname = alpha_imx6ull //平台名字，自行设置
-> System banner = Welcome to alpha i.mx6ull //欢迎语
-> Init system = BusyBox //使用 busybox
-> /dev management = Dynamic using devtmpfs + mdev //使用 mdev
-> [*] Enable root login with password (NEW) //使能登录密码
-> Root password = 123456 //登录密码为 123456
-> Filesystem images #配置根文件系统类型
-> [] ext2/3/4 root filesystem //如果是 EMMC 或 SD 卡的话就用 ext3/ext4
-> ext2/3/4 variant = ext4 //选择 ext4 格式
-> [] ubi image containing an ubifs root filesystem //如果使用 NAND 的话就用 ubifs
#禁止编译 Linux 内核和uboot，否则会自行下载uboot和内核进行编译。
-> Kernel
-> [ ] Linux Kernel //不要选择编译 Linux Kernel 选项！
-> Bootloaders
-> [ ] U-Boot //不要选择编译 U-Boot 选项！
#编译buildroot
sudo make //注意，一定要加 sudo，而且不能通过-jx来指定多核编译！！！
#编译过程耗时几小时，buildroot需要从网上下载源码，可能存在源码无法下载或者下载很慢的情况，可以自行下载文件拷贝到buildroot源目录下的dl文件夹
#编译完成以后的文件在buildroot-2019.02.06/output/images下生成根文件系统rootfs.tar
复制代码
cd rootfs
make menuconfig
#
Target packages
-> Libraries
-> Audio/Sound
-> -*- alsa-lib ---> 此配置项下的文件全部选中
Target packages
-> Audio and video applications
-> alsa-utils 此目录下的软件全部选中
sudo make
复制代码
cdimage.ubuntu.com/ -> ubuntu-base -> releases -> 16.04.05 -> release -> ubuntu-base-16.04.5-base-armhf.tar.gz 根据自己板子的类型架构选取对应的根文件系统。
sudo tar -vzxf ubuntu-base-16.04.5-base-armhf.tar.gz
复制代码sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static
cd ubuntu_rootfs #进入到 ubuntu_rootfs 目录下
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static ./usr/bin/ #拷贝qemu-arm-static到指定位置
复制代码cd ubuntu_rootfs
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf ./etc/resolv.conf
sudo gedit ./etc/apt/sources.list
#
#中科大源
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe
#
复制代码#添加挂载脚本1 mount.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo "MOUNTING"
sudo mount -t proc /proc /.../ubuntu_rootfs/proc
sudo mount -t sysfs /sys /.../ubuntu_rootfs/sys
sudo mount -o bind /dev /.../ubuntu_rootfs/dev
sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts /.../ubuntu_rootfs/dev/pts
sudo chroot /.../ubuntu_rootfs
#添加卸载脚本2 unmount.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo “UNMOUNTING”
sudo umount /…/ubuntu_rootfs/proc
sudo umount /…/ubuntu_rootfs/sys
sudo umount /…/ubuntu_rootfs/dev
sudo umount /…/ubuntu_rootfs/dev/pts
#添加权限并执行
sudo chmod 777 mount.sh unmount.sh
sudo ./mount.sh
复制代码
#创建脚本mu.sh
#!/bin/bash
mnt ()
{
echo “MOUNTING”
sudo mount -t proc /proc
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2</span><spanclass="hljs−builtin">echo</span><spanclass="hljs−string">"mnt−upwd"</span><spanclass="hljs−keyword">else</span><spanclass="hljs−builtin">echo</span><spanclass="hljs−string">""</span><spanclass="hljs−builtin">echo</span><spanclass="hljs−string">"Either1′st,2′ndorbothparametersweremissing"</span><spanclass="hljs−builtin">echo</span><spanclass="hljs−string">""</span><spanclass="hljs−builtin">echo</span><spanclass="hljs−string">"1′stparametercanbeoneofthese:−m(mount)OR−u(umount)"</span><spanclass="hljs−builtin">echo</span><spanclass="hljs−string">"2′ndparameteristhefullpathofrootfsdirectory(withtrailing′/′)"</span><spanclass="hljs−builtin">echo</span><spanclass="hljs−string">""</span><spanclass="hljs−builtin">echo</span><spanclass="hljs−string">"Forexample:ch−mount−m/media/sdcard/"</span><spanclass="hljs−builtin">echo</span><spanclass="hljs−string">""</span><spanclass="hljs−builtin">echo</span>1stparameter:<spanclass="hljs−variable">{1}
echo 2nd parameter : ${2}
fi
#添加权限并执行
sudo chmod 777 mu.sh
#挂载命令
sudo sh mu.sh -m ./
#卸载命令
sudo sh mu.sh -u ./
复制代码
apt update
apt install sudo
apt install vim
apt install kmod
apt install net-tools
apt install ethtool
apt install ifupdown
apt install language-pack-en-base
apt install rsyslog
apt install htop
apt install iputils-ping
复制代码passwd root
复制代码echo "hostname" > /etc/hostname
echo "127.0.0.1 localhost" >> /etc/hosts
echo "127.0.0.1 hostname" >> /etc/hosts
复制代码ln -s /lib/systemd/system/getty@.service /etc/systemd/system/getty.target.wants/getty@ttymxc0.service
复制代码exit
sudo ./unmount.sh
复制代码#bootarg中root的格式
root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] ip=<client-ip>:<server-ip>:<gwip>:<netmask>:<hostname>:<device>:<autoconf>:<dns0-ip>:<dns1-ip>
<server-ip>：存放根文件系统主机的IP地址,如我的ubuntu ip: 192.168.1.19
<root-dir>：主机文件路径
<nfs-options>： NFS 的其他可选选项，一般不设置
<client-ip>： 客户端 IP 地址，也就是我们开发板的 IP 地址。
<gw-ip>： 网关地址，我的就是 192.168.1.1。
<netmask>：子网掩码，我的就是 255.255.255.0。
<hostname>：客户机的名字，一般不设置，此值可以空着。
<device>： 设备名，也就是网卡名，一般是 eth0， eth1…。
<autoconf>： 自动配置，一般不使用，所以设置为 off。
<dns0-ip>： DNS0 服务器 IP 地址，不使用。
<dns1-ip>： DNS1 服务器 IP 地址，不使用。
#整合后再uboot中设置
setenv bootargs 'console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=192.168.1.19:/home/ht/imx6ull/nfs/ubuntu_rootfs ip=192.168.1.20:192.168.1.19:192.168.1.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:off'
saveenv
复制代码adduser ht #添加普通用户
复制代码su
chmod u+w /etc/sudoers
vi /etc/sudoers
#添加
ht ALL=(ALL:ALL)ALL
#
chmod u-w /etc/sudoers
复制代码若在使用sudo时出现错误提示：sudo: /usr/bin/sudo must be owned by uid 0 and have the setuid bit set
#重启切换到root用户执行如下命令：
chown root:root /usr/bin/sudo
chmod 4755 /usr/bin/sudo
复制代码由于默认没有配置DHCP，因此ubuntu启动后不能直接联网，需要配置IP地址，所以我们这里要配置一下DHCP。
#eth0配置
su
echo auto eth0 > /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0
echo iface eth0 inet dhcp >> /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0
/etc/init.d/networking restart
#eth1配置
echo auto eth1 > /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth1
echo iface eth1 inet dhcp >> /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth1
/etc/init.d/networking restart
复制代码
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