MQ-Quad 全志H616 主线内核编译调试记录(u-boot、kernel、buildroot)

U-Boot 构建并从USB启动

安装 sunxi-fel 工具：

git clone https://github.com/linux-sunxi/sunxi-tools
cd sunxi-tools/
make

Arm Trusted Firmware (arm64)

git clone https://github.com/ARM-software/arm-trusted-firmware.git
cd arm-trusted-firmware
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- PLAT=<platform> DEBUG=1 bl31

# platform = sun50i-h616

下拉最新的 u-boot

git clone git://git.denx.de/u-boot.git
cd u-boot

修改 u-boot

• MQ-Quad 没有以太网接口 执行 make menuconfig 在主页关闭网络支持：【】Networking support
• MQ-Quad 使用 axp313 电源管理芯片 修改drivers/power/axp305.c文件：

# 注释掉 DCDC4 的设置 axp313并没有这路输出
int axp_set_dcdc4(unsigned int mvolt)
{
	int ret;
	u8 cfg;

	#if 0
	if (mvolt >= 1600)
		cfg = AXP305_DCDC4_1600MV_OFFSET +
			axp305_mvolt_to_cfg(mvolt, 1600, 3300, 100);
	else
		cfg = axp305_mvolt_to_cfg(mvolt, 600, 1500, 20);

	if (mvolt == 0)
		return pmic_bus_clrbits(AXP305_OUTPUT_CTRL1,
					AXP305_OUTPUT_CTRL1_DCDCD_EN);

	ret = pmic_bus_write(AXP305_DCDCD_VOLTAGE, cfg);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	return pmic_bus_setbits(AXP305_OUTPUT_CTRL1,
				AXP305_OUTPUT_CTRL1_DCDCD_EN);
	#endif
	return 0;
}

# 添加 DCDC3 的电压设置

#define AXP305_DCDC3_1200MV_OFFSET 71
int axp_set_dcdc3(unsigned int mvolt)
{
	int ret;
	u8 cfg;

	if (mvolt >= 1220)
	{
		cfg = AXP305_DCDC3_1200MV_OFFSET +
			axp305_mvolt_to_cfg(mvolt, 1220, 1840, 20);
	}
	else
		cfg = axp305_mvolt_to_cfg(mvolt, 500, 1200, 10);

	if (mvolt == 0)
		return pmic_bus_clrbits(AXP305_OUTPUT_CTRL1,
					AXP305_OUTPUT_CTRL1_DCDCD_EN);

	ret = pmic_bus_write(AXP305_DCDCD_VOLTAGE, cfg);
	if (ret)
		return ret;
 
	return pmic_bus_setbits(AXP305_OUTPUT_CTRL1,
				0x1f);
}

# 修改芯片版本的检测 以及 设置 DCDC3 的电压为1.5v
int axp_init(void)
{
	u8 axp_chip_id;
	int ret;

	ret = pmic_bus_init();
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	ret = pmic_bus_read(AXP305_CHIP_VERSION, &axp_chip_id);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	// if ((axp_chip_id & AXP305_CHIP_VERSION_MASK) != 0x40)
	// 	return -ENODEV;

	if ((axp_chip_id & AXP305_CHIP_VERSION_MASK) != 0x4b)
		return -ENODEV;

	printf("pmic id is 0x%x\n",axp_chip_id);

	axp_set_dcdc3(1500);

	return ret;
}

编译 u-boot

make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- BL31=../arm-trusted-firmware/build/sun50i_h616/debug/bl31.bin orangepi_zero2_defconfig
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- BL31=../arm-trusted-firmware/build/sun50i_h616/debug/bl31.bin

测试 u-boot

• 通过 USB 启动 u-boot

../sunxi-tools/sunxi-fel uboot u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin

UART0 中输出 LOG

U-Boot SPL 2022.10-rc3-00069-g67fe8cc001-dirty (Sep 03 2022 - 18:10:41 +0800)
pmic id is 0x4b
DRAM: 1024 MiB
Trying to boot from FEL
NOTICE:  BL31: v2.7(debug):v2.7.0-312-g9a5dec669
NOTICE:  BL31: Built : 17:14:37, Sep  3 2022
NOTICE:  BL31: Detected Allwinner H616 SoC (1823)
NOTICE:  BL31: Found U-Boot DTB at 0x4a081ff0, model: OrangePi Zero2
INFO:    ARM GICv2 driver initialized
INFO:    Configuring SPC Controller
INFO:    PMIC: Probing AXP305 on RSB
ERROR:   RSB: set run-time address: 0x10003
INFO:    Could not init RSB: -65539
INFO:    BL31: Platform setup done
INFO:    BL31: Initializing runtime services
INFO:    BL31: cortex_a53: CPU workaround for 855873 was applied
INFO:    BL31: cortex_a53: CPU workaround for 1530924 was applied
INFO:    PSCI: Suspend is unavailable
INFO:    BL31: Preparing for EL3 exit to normal world
INFO:    Entry point address = 0x4a000000
INFO:    SPSR = 0x3c9
INFO:    Changed devicetree.


U-Boot 2022.10-rc3-00069-g67fe8cc001-dirty (Sep 03 2022 - 18:10:41 +0800) Allwinner Technology

CPU:   Allwinner H616 (SUN50I)
Model: OrangePi Zero2
DRAM:  1 GiB
Core:  49 devices, 17 uclasses, devicetree: separate
WDT:   Not starting watchdog@30090a0
MMC:   mmc@4020000: 0
Loading Environment from FAT... MMC: no card present
** Bad device specification mmc 0 **
In:    serial@5000000
Out:   serial@5000000
Err:   serial@5000000
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
MMC: no card present
=>

主线 Kernel 编译

拉取/下载压缩 主线内核

git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
# 速度较慢，直接去官网下载 mainline 内核：https://kernel.org

# 解压内核
tar -xvzf linux-6.0-rc3.tar.gz

修改设备树

/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dts

# 因为 MQ-Quad 的 3.3v 是没接 pmic 来控制的，所以要添加固定 3.3v 的节点
# 在 reg_vcc5v 节点下面添加 reg_vcc3v3 节点 （否则无法初始化IO，导致串口无法初始化）
reg_vcc3v3: vcc3v3 {
	compatible = "regulator-fixed";
	regulator-name = "vcc-3v3";
	regulator-min-microvolt = <3300000>;
	regulator-max-microvolt = <3300000>;
	regulator-always-on;
};

# 修改 pio 节点中的 reg_aldo1 为 reg_vcc3v3
&pio {
	vcc-pc-supply = <&reg_vcc3v3>;
	vcc-pf-supply = <&reg_vcc3v3>;
	vcc-pg-supply = <&reg_vcc3v3>;
	vcc-ph-supply = <&reg_vcc3v3>;
	vcc-pi-supply = <&reg_vcc3v3>;
};

# 修改 mmc0 的 vmmc-supply 的 reg_dcdce 为 reg_vcc3v3（否则无法启动 sunxi-mmc 驱动）
&mmc0 {
	vmmc-supply = <&reg_vcc3v3>;
	cd-gpios = <&pio 5 6 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;	/* PF6 */
	bus-width = <4>;
	status = "okay";
};

配置编译

# 使用默认配置
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- defconfig

# 编译内核镜像
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- -j8 Image

# 编译设备树
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- -j8 dtbs

# 编译模块（可选，后面做了文件系统后再使用）
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- -j8 modules
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- INSTALL_MOD_PATH=<any-path-you-like> modules modules_install
构建成功后，可以在提供的 INSTALL_MOD_PATH 目录中找到模块

# 安装头文件（可选，后面做了文件系统后再使用）
make ARCH=arm64 INSTALL_HDR_PATH=<any-path-you-like> headers_install
将 INSTALL_HDR_PATH 更改为希望安装到的路径，例如/usr或<some_prefix>/usr 方便后期交叉编译

制作引导脚本（当然也可以在uboot中设置变量并执行booti）

• 制作 boot.cmd 文件， USB 写入内核直接使用固定地址启动

vi boot.cmd
# 复制以下内容
setenv bootargs console=ttyS0,115200
booti 0x40200000 - 0x4fa00000

• 转换打包boot.scr文件：mkimage -C none -A arm64 -T script -d boot.cmd boot.scr
• booti 讲解：
  在u-boot中，bootm是一个可以执行位于memory中的应用程序的命令
  booti是bootm命令的一个子集，可用于执行位于memory中的ARM64 kernel Image，其格式如下：
  booti addr [initrd[:size]] [fdt]
  其中：addr是kernel Image文件所在的memory地址；[initrd[:size]]是initrd在memory中的位置和size，可以不指定，使用“-”代替即可；fdt是flat device tree（就是传说中的dtb文件）在memory中的地址，在ARM64中，它是必选的

测试 USB 启动内核

sunxi-fel -v uboot u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin \
             write 0x40200000 Image \
             write 0x4fa00000 sun50i-a64-pine64-lts.dtb \
             write 0x4fc00000 boot.scr \
             write 0x4ff00000 rootfs.cpio.lzma.uboot

# 例如：
./sunxi-tools/sunxi-fel -v uboot u-boot/u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin \
write 0x40200000 linux-6.0-rc3/arch/arm64/boot/Image \
write 0x4fa00000 linux-6.0-rc3/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dtb \ 
write 0x4fc00000 boot.scr

从 TF 卡启动 SPL、U-Boot、Kernel

制作启动盘

# 进入磁盘管理
fdisk /dev/sdd

# 多执行几次删除所有分区
d

# 新建分区 （扇区为单位，前面空开20MB用于存放uboot，制作128MB的分区）
n
p
40960
303104
w

# 进行 FAT 格式化
sudo mkfs.fat /dev/sdd1

# 写入 uboot 到 8KB 的位置
sudo dd if=./u-boot/u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/sdd bs=8K seek=1

# 挂载 FAT 文件系统
sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt/boot/

# 复制内核以及设备树到FAT分区
sudo cp linux-6.0-rc3/arch/arm64/boot/Image /mnt/boot/
sudo cp linux-6.0-rc3/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dtb /mnt/boot/

# 卸载 FAT 文件系统
sudo umount /mnt/boot

测试 TF 卡启动内核

# 手动装载内核以及设备树并启动
fatload mmc 0:1 0x40200000 Image
fatload mmc 0:1 0x4fa00000 sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dtb
setenv bootargs 'console=ttyS0,115200 earlycon'
booti 0x40200000 - 0x4fa00000

# 使用如下设置变量并保存到FAT分区
setenv bootargs 'console=ttyS0,115200'
setenv bootcmd 'fatload mmc 0:1 0x40200000 Image;fatload mmc 0:1 0x4fa00000 sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dtb;booti 0x40200000 - 0x4fa00000'
saveenv

# 使用 bootcmd 启动
boot

Buildroot 构建

buildroot-2022.02.5

配置编译

make menuconfig

# 配置 Target options
> Target options
	Target Architecture (AArch64 (little endian))  --->
	Target Binary Format (ELF)  ---> 
	Target Architecture Variant (cortex-A53)  --->
	Floating point strategy (VFPv4)  ---> 
	
# 配置 Toolchain
> Toolchain
	Toolchain type (External toolchain)  --->
	Toolchain (Custom toolchain)  ---> 
	Toolchain origin (Pre-installed toolchain)  --->
	(/usr/local/arm64/gcc-linaro-7.5.0-2019.12-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu$ /usr/local/arm64/gcc-linaro-7.5.0-2019.12-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu) Toolchain path
	(aarch64-linux-gnu-) Toolchain prefix  						//需要按住shift才能删减
	External toolchain gcc version (7.x)  --->
	External toolchain kernel headers series (4.10.x)  ---> 			//查看补充
	[*] Toolchain has SSP support? (NEW)
	[*] Toolchain has RPC support? (NEW)
	[*] Toolchain has C++ support? 
	[*] Enable MMU support (NEW)
	
# 配置 Filesystem images
-> Filesystem images
	-> [*] ext2/3/4 root filesystem 						//如果是 EMMC 或 SD 卡的话就用 ext3/ext4
		-> ext2/3/4 variant = ext4 						//选择 ext4 格式
		-> exact size =128M 							//ext4 格式根文件系统 1GB(根据实际情况修改)
	-> [*] ubi image containing an ubifs root filesystem 				//如果使用 NAND 的话就用 ubifs

# 编译
make -j8

补充

• External toolchain kernel headers series 的设置：
  cat /usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/include/linux/version.h

#define LINUX_VERSION_CODE 266002
#define KERNEL_VERSION(a,b,c) (((a) << 16) + ((b) << 8) + (c))
# 266002 转十六进制为 40A03 则版本号为 4.10.3

制作根文件系统到 TF 卡

# 新建第二分区 128MB 从 303106 扇区开始
sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
n
p
2
303106
+262144
w

# 格式化文件系统为 ext4
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc2

# 装载并复制文件系统
sudo mount /dev/sdc2 /mnt/rootfs/
sudo cp ./output/images/rootfs.tar /mnt/rootfs/
sudo tar -vxf /mnt/rootfs/rootfs.tar -C /mnt/rootfs
sudo rm /mnt/rootfs/rootfs.tar
sudo umount /mnt/rootfs

测试文件系统

# 在进入 uboot 后检查文件是否存在
ext4ls mmc 0:2

# 设置启动命令
setenv bootcmd 'fatload mmc 0:1 0x40200000 Image;fatload mmc 0:1 0x4fa00000 sun50i-h616-orangepi-zero2.dtb;booti 0x40200000 - 0x4fa00000'

# 设置 bootargs 变量
setenv bootargs 'console=ttyS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 rootwait rw  init=/sbin/init debug panic=30'

# 启动内核以及根文件系统
boot

添加网络支持

因为6.0的内核太新了，很多驱动没支持，所以使用稳定版内核进行驱动的移植

下拉内核

• H616主线内核维护者的内核：git clone -b h616-v13 https://github.com/apritzel/linux
• 使用主线需修改设备树，按照主线内核的修改配置方法

移植 RTL8723DS WiFi 驱动

• git clone https://github.com/lwfinger/rtl8723ds 到 /drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtl8723ds 目录中
• 修改 rtl8723ds 的 Kconfig 中 —help— 为 help

config RTL8723DS
	tristate "Realtek 8723D SDIO or SPI WiFi"
	help
	  Help message of RTL8723DS

• 修改 /drivers/net/wireless/realtek/ 目录中的Kconfig、Makefile：

# Kconfig 中添加新的驱动
source "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtl8723ds/Kconfig"
# Makefile 中添加新的驱动
obj-$(CONFIG_RTL8723DS)		+= rtl8723ds/

打开 WiFi(RTL8723DS) 支持

# make menuconfig

> Device Drivers 
> 	> Network device support 
> 		> Wireless LAN
> 			[*]   Realtek devices
> 				<M>     Realtek 8723D SDIO or SPI WiFi
			
# 编译内核模块(在此我已经将 ARCH 以及 CROSS_COMPILE 固定到Makefile中，所以不需要带参)
make modules -j8

Kernel 设备树配置

# 在 reg_vcc3v3 后面添加 WiFi 的电源配置

reg_vcc33_wifi: vcc33-wifi {
	/* Always on 3.3V regulator for WiFi and BT */
	compatible = "regulator-fixed";
	regulator-name = "vcc33-wifi";
	regulator-min-microvolt = <3300000>;
	regulator-max-microvolt = <3300000>;
	regulator-always-on;
	vin-supply = <&reg_vcc5v>;
};

reg_vcc_wifi_io: vcc-wifi-io {
	/* Always on 1.8V/300mA regulator for WiFi and BT IO */
	compatible = "regulator-fixed";
	regulator-name = "vcc-wifi-io";
	regulator-min-microvolt = <1800000>;
	regulator-max-microvolt = <1800000>;
	regulator-always-on;
	vin-supply = <&reg_vcc33_wifi>;
};

wifi_pwrseq: wifi-pwrseq {
	compatible = "mmc-pwrseq-simple";
	clocks = <&rtc 1>;
	clock-names = "osc32k-out";
	reset-gpios = <&pio 6 18 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; /* PG18 */
	post-power-on-delay-ms = <200>;
};

# 添加 WiFi 的 mmc1 配置
&mmc1 {
	vmmc-supply = <&reg_vcc33_wifi>;
	vqmmc-supply = <&reg_vcc_wifi_io>;
	mmc-pwrseq = <&wifi_pwrseq>;
	bus-width = <4>;
	non-removable;
	mmc-ddr-1_8v;
	status = "okay";
};

# 编译设备树
make dtbs

• 完成后需要重新拷贝新的设备树到 FAT 分区

Buildrootfs 配置

make menuconfig

# 使用 mdev 动态加载模块
> System configuration
	Init system (BusyBox)  --->
	/dev management (Dynamic using devtmpfs + mdev)  --->
	
# 打开网络支持
> Target packages 
	> Networking applications
		[*] iperf3 						// 用于网速测试
		
		[*] lftp						// 用于网络文件传输
		[*]   SFTP protocol				 	// 使能 SFTP 协议
			
		[*] openssh						// 使能远程 ssh
		
		[*] wpa_supplicant  --->				// 使能 wpa 用于WiFi控制
			[*]   Install wpa_cli binary
		
	> System tools
		[*] htop

make -j8

复制新的文件系统并安装模块

# 在buildroot中执行 替换根文件系统
sudo mount /dev/sdd2 /mnt/rootfs
sudo rm -rf /mnt/rootfs/*
sudo cp output/images/rootfs.tar /mnt/rootfs/
sudo tar -xvf /mnt/rootfs/rootfs.tar -C /mnt/rootfs/

# 在内核中执行 安装模块到第二分区的rootfs中（因为内核没经过裁剪会有大量的模块安装到第二分区，可能需要调整下第二分区的大小）
make INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/mnt/rootfs/ modules modules_install

# 卸载rootfs
sync
sudo umount /mnt/rootfs/

测试网络

# 检查WiFi是否自动挂载
# lsmod
Module                  Size  Used by
ipv6                  462848  18
8723ds               1466368  0
cfg80211              380928  1 8723ds
rfkill                 36864  2 cfg80211
sunxi_wdt              20480  0
dwmac_sun8i            28672  0
stmmac_platform        20480  1 dwmac_sun8i
stmmac                221184  2 dwmac_sun8i,stmmac_platform
pcs_xpcs               24576  1 stmmac
crct10dif_ce           20480  1

# 配置 WiFi
# vi /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
ap_scan=1

network={
        ssid="you wifi ssid"
        psk="you wifi password"
}

# 连接WiFi
# ifconfig wlan0 up
# wpa_supplicant -Dnl80211 -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -B
# udhcpc -i wlan0

# 配置开机自动连接 WiFi
# vi /etc/init.d/S45wifi
#!/bin/sh
#
# wlan0        Starts WiFi.
#

start() {
        printf "Starting WiFi: "
        ifconfig wlan0 up
        wpa_supplicant -Dnl80211 -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -B
        udhcpc -i wlan0
        echo "OK"
}
stop() {
        printf "Stopping WiFi: "
        killall udhcpc
        killall wpa_supplicant
        echo "OK"
}
restart() {
        stop
        start
}

case "$1" in
  start)
        start
        ;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;
  restart|reload)
        restart
        ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
        exit 1
esac

exit $?

# chmod +x /etc/init.d/S45wifi

# 网络测速
# iperf3 -c 192.168.10.164
Connecting to host 192.168.10.164, port 5201
[  5] local 192.168.10.196 port 43126 connected to 192.168.10.164 port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-1.00   sec  1.75 MBytes  14.7 Mbits/sec    0   93.3 KBytes
[  5]   1.00-2.00   sec  2.17 MBytes  18.2 Mbits/sec    0    123 KBytes
[  5]   2.00-3.00   sec  2.42 MBytes  20.3 Mbits/sec    0    151 KBytes
[  5]   3.00-4.00   sec  2.92 MBytes  24.5 Mbits/sec    0    158 KBytes
[  5]   4.00-5.00   sec  2.61 MBytes  21.9 Mbits/sec    0    167 KBytes
[  5]   5.00-6.00   sec  2.61 MBytes  21.9 Mbits/sec    0    167 KBytes
[  5]   6.00-7.00   sec  2.61 MBytes  21.9 Mbits/sec    0    167 KBytes
[  5]   7.00-8.00   sec  2.61 MBytes  21.9 Mbits/sec    0    167 KBytes
[  5]   8.00-9.00   sec  2.61 MBytes  21.9 Mbits/sec    0    167 KBytes
[  5]   9.00-10.00  sec  2.61 MBytes  21.9 Mbits/sec    0    167 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-10.00  sec  24.9 MBytes  20.9 Mbits/sec    0             sender
[  5]   0.00-10.00  sec  24.2 MBytes  20.3 Mbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.

# 远程连接 ssh 配置 sshd_config 文件
# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PermitRootLogin yes    //修改
AllowUsers root        //添加

# 重启 sshd 服务
# /etc/init.d/S50sshd restart

# 设置 root 密码
# passwd root

# 配置终端
# vi /etc/profile.d/myprofile.sh
#!/bin/sh

PS1='[\u@\h]:\w$ '
export PS1

# chmod +x /etc/profile.d/myprofile.sh
# source /etc/profile.d/myprofile.sh

启动日志

U-Boot SPL 2022.10-rc3-00069-g67fe8cc001-dirty (Sep 03 2022 - 18:10:41 +0800)
pmic id is 0x4b
DRAM: 1024 MiB
Trying to boot from MMC1
NOTICE:  BL31: v2.7(debug):v2.7.0-312-g9a5dec669
NOTICE:  BL31: Built : 17:14:37, Sep  3 2022
NOTICE:  BL31: Detected Allwinner H616 SoC (1823)
NOTICE:  BL31: Found U-Boot DTB at 0x4a081ff0, model: OrangePi Zero2
INFO:    ARM GICv2 driver initialized
INFO:    Configuring SPC Controller
INFO:    PMIC: Probing AXP305 on RSB
ERROR:   RSB: set run-time address: 0x10003
INFO:    Could not init RSB: -65539
INFO:    BL31: Platform setup done
INFO:    BL31: Initializing runtime services
INFO:    BL31: cortex_a53: CPU workaround for 855873 was applied
INFO:    BL31: cortex_a53: CPU workaround for 1530924 was applied
INFO:    PSCI: Suspend is unavailable
INFO:    BL31: Preparing for EL3 exit to normal world
INFO:    Entry point address = 0x4a000000
INFO:    SPSR = 0x3c9
INFO:    Changed devicetree.


U-Boot 2022.10-rc3-00069-g67fe8cc001-dirty (Sep 03 2022 - 18:10:41 +0800) Allwinner Technology

CPU:   Allwinner H616 (SUN50I)
Model: OrangePi Zero2
DRAM:  1 GiB
Core:  49 devices, 17 uclasses, devicetree: separate
WDT:   Not starting watchdog@30090a0
MMC:   mmc@4020000: 0
Loading Environment from FAT... OK
In:    serial@5000000
Out:   serial@5000000
Err:   serial@5000000
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
35908096 bytes read in 1489 ms (23 MiB/s)
13222 bytes read in 2 ms (6.3 MiB/s)
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 4fa00000
   Booting using the fdt blob at 0x4fa00000
   Loading Device Tree to 0000000049ff9000, end 0000000049fff3a5 ... OK

Starting kernel ...

[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0000000000 [0x410fd034]
[    0.000000] Linux version 5.19.0-rc1-609706-gc465e81f8859-dirty (evler@evler-Standard-PC-i440FX-PIIX-1996) (aarch64-linux-gnu-g2
[    0.000000] Machine model: MQ-Quad_H616
[   0.000000] efi: UEFI not found.
[]t[    0.000000] NUMA: Faking a node at [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x000000007fffffff]
[    0.000000] NUMA: NODE_DATA [mem 0x7fdebb40-0x7fdedfff]
[    0.000000] Zone ranges:
[    0.000000]   DMA      [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x000000007fffffff]
[    0.000000]   DMA32    empty
[    0.000000]   Normal   empty
[    0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[    0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[    0.000000]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x000000004003ffff]
[    0.000000]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000040040000-0x000000007fffffff]
[    0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x000000007fffffff]
[    0.000000] cma: Reserved 32 MiB at 0x000000007cc00000
[    0.000000] psci: probing for conduit method from DT.
[    0.000000] psci: PSCIv1.1 detected in firmware.
[    0.000000] psci: Using standard PSCI v0.2 function IDs
[    0.000000] psci: MIGRATE_INFO_TYPE not supported.
[    0.000000] psci: SMC Calling Convention v1.2
[    0.000000] percpu: Embedded 19 pages/cpu s40808 r8192 d28824 u77824
[    0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s40808 r8192 d28824 u77824 alloc=19*4096
[    0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 [0] 1 [0] 2 [0] 3
[    0.000000] Detected VIPT I-cache on CPU0
[    0.000000] CPU features: detected: ARM erratum 845719
[    0.000000] Fallback order for Node 0: 0
[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 258048
[    0.000000] Policy zone: DMA
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 rootwait rw  init=/sbin/init debug pa0
[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes, linear)
[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes, linear)
[    0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[    0.000000] Memory: 959476K/1048576K available (15680K kernel code, 3386K rwdata, 8928K rodata, 6912K init, 577K bss, 56332K re)
[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
[    0.000000] rcu: Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.
[    0.000000] rcu:     RCU event tracing is enabled.
[    0.000000] rcu:     RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=256 to nr_cpu_ids=4.
[    0.000000]  Trampoline variant of Tasks RCU enabled.
[    0.000000]  Tracing variant of Tasks RCU enabled.
[    0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 25 jiffies.
[    0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=4
[    0.000000] NR_IRQS: 64, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 0
[    0.000000] Root IRQ handler: gic_handle_irq
[    0.000000] GIC: Using split EOI/Deactivate mode
[    0.000000] rcu: srcu_init: Setting srcu_struct sizes based on contention.
[    0.000000] arch_timer: cp15 timer(s) running at 24.00MHz (phys).
[    0.000000] clocksource: arch_sys_counter: mask: 0xffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x588fe9dc0, max_idle_ns: 440795202592 ns
[    0.000000] sched_clock: 56 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 4398046511097ns
[    0.000676] Console: colour dummy device 80x25
[    0.000771] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 48.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=96000)
[    0.000786] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[    0.000858] LSM: Security Framework initializing
[    0.000989] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[    0.001005] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[    0.002687] cblist_init_generic: Setting adjustable number of callback queues.
[    0.002711] cblist_init_generic: Setting shift to 2 and lim to 1.
[    0.002794] cblist_init_generic: Setting shift to 2 and lim to 1.
[    0.002965] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[    0.004261] EFI services will not be available.
[    0.004620] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[    0.005158] Detected VIPT I-cache on CPU1
[    0.005243] CPU1: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000001 [0x410fd034]
[    0.005923] Detected VIPT I-cache on CPU2
[    0.005995] CPU2: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000002 [0x410fd034]
[    0.006627] Detected VIPT I-cache on CPU3
[    0.006696] CPU3: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000003 [0x410fd034]
[    0.006790] smp: Brought up 1 node, 4 CPUs
[    0.006798] SMP: Total of 4 processors activated.
[    0.006802] CPU features: detected: 32-bit EL0 Support
[    0.006806] CPU features: detected: CRC32 instructions
[    0.007163] CPU: All CPU(s) started at EL2
[    0.007182] alternatives: patching kernel code
[    0.008730] devtmpfs: initialized
[    0.012355] KASLR disabled due to lack of seed
[    0.012584] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns
[    0.012605] futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
[    0.014003] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[    0.015167] DMI not present or invalid.
[    0.016034] NET: Registered PF_NETLINK/PF_ROUTE protocol family
[    0.017612] DMA: preallocated 128 KiB GFP_KERNEL pool for atomic allocations
[    0.017939] DMA: preallocated 128 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA pool for atomic allocations
[    0.018106] DMA: preallocated 128 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA32 pool for atomic allocations
[    0.018212] audit: initializing netlink subsys (disabled)
[    0.018467] audit: type=2000 audit(0.016:1): state=initialized audit_enabled=0 res=1
[    0.019563] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'step_wise'
[    0.019574] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'power_allocator'
[    0.019703] cpuidle: using governor menu
[    0.020054] hw-breakpoint: found 6 breakpoint and 4 watchpoint registers.
[    0.020231] ASID allocator initialised with 65536 entries
[    0.020241] HugeTLB: can optimize 4095 vmemmap pages for hugepages-1048576kB
[    0.020247] HugeTLB: can optimize 127 vmemmap pages for hugepages-32768kB
[    0.020252] HugeTLB: can optimize 7 vmemmap pages for hugepages-2048kB
[    0.020256] HugeTLB: can optimize 0 vmemmap pages for hugepages-64kB
[    0.021930] Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
[    0.029582] platform 7000000.rtc: Fixing up cyclic dependency with 3001000.clock
[    0.030090] platform 7010000.clock: Fixing up cyclic dependency with 7000000.rtc
[    0.044690] HugeTLB registered 1.00 GiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
[    0.044705] HugeTLB registered 32.0 MiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
[    0.044711] HugeTLB registered 2.00 MiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
[    0.044716] HugeTLB registered 64.0 KiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
[    0.046360] ACPI: Interpreter disabled.
[    0.049195] iommu: Default domain type: Translated
[    0.049210] iommu: DMA domain TLB invalidation policy: strict mode
[    0.049572] SCSI subsystem initialized
[    0.049784] libata version 3.00 loaded.
[    0.050061] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[    0.050102] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[    0.050137] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[    0.050867] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
[    0.050873] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
[    0.050892] PTP clock support registered
[    0.050996] EDAC MC: Ver: 3.0.0
[    0.052387] FPGA manager framework
[    0.052558] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
[    0.053492] vgaarb: loaded
[    0.054091] clocksource: Switched to clocksource arch_sys_counter
[    0.054373] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.6.0
[    0.054422] VFS: Dquot-cache hash table entries: 512 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
[    0.054644] pnp: PnP ACPI: disabled
[    0.061916] NET: Registered PF_INET protocol family
[    0.062157] IP idents hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
[    0.063320] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[    0.063366] TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
[    0.063497] TCP bind bhash tables hash table entries: 8192 (order: 5, 196608 bytes, linear)
[    0.063743] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
[    0.063914] UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[    0.063951] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[    0.064165] NET: Registered PF_UNIX/PF_LOCAL protocol family
[    0.064703] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
[    0.064715] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[    0.064718] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[    0.064721] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
Starting syslogd[    0.064732] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 64
: [    0.065880] hw perfevents: enabled with armv8_cortex_a53 PMU driver, 7 counters available
[    0.067407] Initialise system trusted keyrings
[    0.067740] workingset: timestamp_bits=42 max_order=18 bucket_order=0
OK[    0.075263] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher

[    0.076086] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
[    0.076137] Key type id_resolver registered
[    0.076141] Key type id_legacy registered
Starting klogd: [    0.076225] nfs4filelayout_init: NFSv4 File Layout Driver Registering...
[    0.076231] nfs4flexfilelayout_init: NFSv4 Flexfile Layout Driver Registering...
OK
[    0.076456] 9p: Installing v9fs 9p2000 file system support
[    0.119607] Key type asymmetric registered
[    0.119618] Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered
Running sysctl: [    0.119691] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 245)
[    0.119698] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[    0.119702] io scheduler kyber registered
[    0.129824] EINJ: ACPI disabled.
OK[    0.149674] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
[    0.153025] SuperH (H)SCI(F) driver initialized

[    0.153497] msm_serial: driver initialized
Starting mdev...[    0.155231] cacheinfo: Unable to detect cache hierarchy for CPU 0
 [    0.161996] loop: module loaded
OK[    0.163289] megasas: 07.719.03.00-rc1

[    0.169894] tun: Universal TUN/TAP device driver, 1.6
[    0.171057] thunder_xcv, ver 1.0
[    0.171110] thunder_bgx, ver 1.0
[    0.171163] nicpf, ver 1.0
[    0.172488] hns3: Hisilicon Ethernet Network Driver for Hip08 Family - version
[    0.172496] hns3: Copyright (c) 2017 Huawei Corporation.
[    0.172585] hclge is initializing
[    0.172609] e1000: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver
[    0.172613] e1000: Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation.
[    0.172656] e1000e: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver
[    0.172659] e1000e: Copyright(c) 1999 - 2015 Intel Corporation.
[    0.172699] igb: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Driver
[    0.172702] igb: Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Intel Corporation.
[    0.172737] igbvf: Intel(R) Gigabit Virtual Function Network Driver
[    0.172740] igbvf: Copyright (c) 2009 - 2012 Intel Corporation.
[    0.173131] sky2: driver version 1.30
[    0.174339] VFIO - User Level meta-driver version: 0.3
[    0.176796] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[    0.176810] ehci-pci: EHCI PCI platform driver
[    0.176868] ehci-platform: EHCI generic platform driver
[    0.177001] ehci-orion: EHCI orion driver
[    0.177118] ehci-exynos: EHCI Exynos driver
[    0.177215] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
[    0.177252] ohci-pci: OHCI PCI platform driver
[    0.177309] ohci-platform: OHCI generic platform driver
[    0.177430] ohci-exynos: OHCI Exynos driver
[    0.177989] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[    0.181279] i2c_dev: i2c /dev entries driver
[    0.189068] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver
[    0.189082] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman
[    0.189877] Synopsys Designware Multimedia Card Interface Driver
[    0.191189] sdhci-pltfm: SDHCI platform and OF driver helper
[    0.193497] ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs
[    0.195785] SMCCC: SOC_ID: ID = jep106:091e:1823 Revision = 0x00000000
[    0.196728] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[    0.196738] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[    0.204363] NET: Registered PF_PACKET protocol family
[    0.204548] 9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support
[    0.204622] Key type dns_resolver registered
[    0.205231] registered taskstats version 1
[    0.205255] Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates
[    0.229952] sun6i-rtc 7000000.rtc: registered as rtc0
[    0.229992] sun6i-rtc 7000000.rtc: setting system clock to 1970-01-02T01:00:55 UTC (90055)
[    0.230669] sun6i-rtc 7000000.rtc: RTC enabled
[    0.251225] sun50i-h616-pinctrl 300b000.pinctrl: initialized sunXi PIO driver
[    0.252741] sun50i-h616-r-pinctrl 7022000.pinctrl: initialized sunXi PIO driver
[    0.255230] printk: console [ttyS0] disabled
[    0.275633] 5000000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x5000000 (irq = 283, base_baud = 1500000) is a 16550A
[    0.275860] printk: console [ttyS0] printing thread started
[    0.275885] printk: console [ttyS0] enabled
[    0.278807] sun6i-spi 5010000.spi: Failed to request TX DMA channel
[    0.278825] sun6i-spi 5010000.spi: Failed to request RX DMA channel
[    0.279672] spi-nor spi0.0: unrecognized JEDEC id bytes: ff ff ff ff ff ff
[    0.289313] sunxi-mmc 4020000.mmc: Got CD GPIO
[    0.292181] sunxi-mmc 4021000.mmc: allocated mmc-pwrseq
[    0.292272] sun50i-h616-r-pinctrl 7022000.pinctrl: supply vcc-pl not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.292656] sunxi-rsb 7083000.rsb: RSB running at 3000000 Hz
[    0.292847] sunxi-rsb 7083000.rsb: /soc/rsb@7083000/pmic@745: set runtime address failed: -22
[    0.293011] axp20x-rsb sunxi-rsb-745: AXP20x variant AXP806 found
[    0.293908] axp20x-regulator axp20x-regulator.1: Error setting dcdc frequency: -5
[    0.294060] vdd-cpu: failed to get the current voltage: -EIO
[    0.294112] axp20x-regulator axp20x-regulator.1: Failed to register dcdca
[    0.294118] axp20x-regulator: probe of axp20x-regulator.1 failed with error -5
[    0.294520] axp20x-rsb sunxi-rsb-745: AXP20X driver loaded
[    0.295500] ALSA device list:
[    0.295514]   No soundcards found.
[    0.314372] sunxi-mmc 4020000.mmc: initialized, max. request size: 16384 KB, uses new timings mode
[    0.364732] mmc0: host does not support reading read-only switch, assuming write-enable
[    0.368126] mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address aaaa
[    0.369015] mmcblk0: mmc0:aaaa SL32G 28.8 GiB
[    0.371681]  mmcblk0: p1 p2
[    0.522656] sunxi-mmc 4021000.mmc: initialized, max. request size: 16384 KB, uses new timings mode
[    0.528860] sunxi-mmc 4021000.mmc: card claims to support voltages below defined range
[    0.535716] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
[    0.535815] VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) on device 179:2.
[    0.537777] devtmpfs: mounted
[    0.539706] mmc1: new high speed SDIO card at address 0001
[    0.540981] Freeing unused kernel memory: 6912K
[    0.642146] Run /sbin/init as init process
[    0.642157]   with arguments:
[    0.642159]     /sbin/init
[    0.642161]   with environment:
[    0.642163]     HOME=/
[    0.642165]     TERM=linux
[    0.991510] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): re-mounted. Quota mode: none.
[    1.792288] dwmac-sun8i 5020000.ethernet: IRQ eth_wake_irq not found
[    1.792309] dwmac-sun8i 5020000.ethernet: IRQ eth_lpi not found
[    1.927520] sunxi-wdt 30090a0.watchdog: Watchdog enabled (timeout=16 sec, nowayout=0)
[    1.931104] dwmac-sun8i 5020000.ethernet: IRQ eth_wake_irq not found
[    1.931124] dwmac-sun8i 5020000.ethernet: IRQ eth_lpi not found
[    1.978799] cfg80211: Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates for regulatory database
[    1.993547] cfg80211: Loaded X.509 cert 'sforshee: 00b28ddf47aef9cea7'
[    1.993783] platform regulatory.0: Direct firmware load for regulatory.db failed with error -2
[    1.993809] cfg80211: failed to load regulatory.db
[    2.332323] dwmac-sun8i 5020000.ethernet: IRQ eth_wake_irq not found
[    2.332347] dwmac-sun8i 5020000.ethernet: IRQ eth_lpi not found
Initializing random number generator: OK
Saving random seed: [    3.998094] random: crng init done
OK
Starting system message bus: done
Starting network: OK
Starting WiFi: Successfully initialized wpa_supplicant
udhcpc: started, v1.35.0
udhcpc: broadcasting discover
udhcpc: broadcasting discover
udhcpc: broadcasting select for 192.168.10.196, server 192.168.10.251
udhcpc: lease of 192.168.10.196 obtained from 192.168.10.251, lease time 43200
deleting routers
adding dns 192.168.10.251
OK
Starting sshd: [    8.070171] NET: Registered PF_INET6 protocol family
[    8.071640] Segment Routing with IPv6
[    8.071670] In-situ OAM (IOAM) with IPv6
OK

Welcome to Buildroot
buildroot login: root
Password:
[root@buildroot]:~$ lsmod
Module                  Size  Used by
ipv6                  462848  18
8723ds               1466368  0
cfg80211              380928  1 8723ds
rfkill                 36864  2 cfg80211
sunxi_wdt              20480  0
dwmac_sun8i            28672  0
stmmac_platform        20480  1 dwmac_sun8i
stmmac                221184  2 dwmac_sun8i,stmmac_platform
pcs_xpcs               24576  1 stmmac
crct10dif_ce           20480  1
[root@buildroot]:~$ ifconfig
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 94:A4:08:D8:1C:EC
          inet addr:192.168.10.196  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::96a4:8ff:fed8:1cec/64 Scope:Link
          inet6 addr: fd15:3be5:c6ac:0:96a4:8ff:fed8:1cec/64 Scope:Global
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:9 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:3949 (3.8 KiB)  TX bytes:2116 (2.0 KiB)

[root@buildroot]:~$ uname -a
Linux buildroot 5.19.0-rc1-609706-gc465e81f8859-dirty #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon Sep 5 23:37:32 CST 2022 aarch64 GNU/Linux
[root@buildroot]:~$ df -h
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                28.0G     93.7M     26.5G   0% /
devtmpfs                468.5M         0    468.5M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   487.9M         0    487.9M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   487.9M     36.0K    487.8M   0% /tmp
tmpfs                   487.9M     28.0K    487.8M   0% /run
[root@buildroot]:~$ free
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:         999156       30656      936852          64       31648      918856
Swap:             0           0           0
[root@buildroot]:~$

制作 TF 启动镜像

准备工作

# 创建 images 目录
mkdir images
cd images

# 收集需要用到的文件到 file 目录
mkdir file 
cp ../u-boot/u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin ./file
cp ../linux-5.19.0/arch/arm64/boot/Image ./file
cp ../linux-5.19.0/arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/mq-quad.dtb ./file  // 这里我已经单独做了个设备树文件
cp ../buildroot-2022.02.5/output/images/rootfs.tar ./file

# 制作空的 img 文件
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=./sdcard.img bs=1M count=512

分区

sudo fdisk ./sdcard.img
n
p
1
40960
+131072 // 64MB

n
p
2
172033
1048575 // 默认

w

关联 img 文件到 loop

sudo losetup -f ./sdcard.img 

#查看关联到哪个位置
sudo losetup -l
/dev/loop11         0      0         0  0 /home/evler/Allwinner/MangoPi/Quad/mainline/images/sdcard.img

写入 uboot 到 img 文件中偏移 8KB 的位置

sudo dd if=./file/u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/loop11 bs=8K seek=1

关联分区设备

# 参考分区：
设备          启动   起点    末尾   扇区  大小 Id 类型
./sdcard.img1       40960  172032 131073   64M 83 Linux
./sdcard.img2      172033 1048575 876543  428M 83 Linux

# -o （起始扇区 * 扇区大小）--sizelimit （扇区数量 * 扇区大小） 字节
sudo losetup -f -o 20971520 --sizelimit 67109376 sdcard.img 
sudo losetup -f -o 88080896 --sizelimit 448790016 sdcard.img 

#查看关联到哪个位置
sudo losetup -l
/dev/loop30  67109376 20971520         0  0 /home/evler/Allwinner/MangoPi/Quad/mainline/images/sdcard.img
/dev/loop26 448790016 88080896         0  0 /home/evler/Allwinner/MangoPi/Quad/mainline/images/sdcard.img

格式化并挂载分区

sudo mkfs.fat /dev/loop30
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/loop26

sudo mount /dev/loop30 /mnt/boot/
sudo mount /dev/loop26 /mnt/rootfs/

制作uboot引导脚本

# 创建 boot.cmd 文件
vi boot.cmd

# 复制以下内容
setenv bootargs console=ttyS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 rootwait rw
setenv bootcmd fatload mmc 0:1 0x4fc00000 boot.scr; fatload mmc 0:1 0x40200000 Image; fatload mmc 0:1 0x4fa00000 mq-quad.dtb; booti 0x40200000 - 0x4fa00000

# 生成 boot.scr 文件
mkimage -C none -A arm64 -T script -d boot.cmd boot.scr

制作 boot 分区

sudo cp ./file/Image /mnt/boot/
sudo cp ./file/mq-quad.dtb /mnt/boot/
sudo cp ./file/boot.scr /mnt/boot/

制作 rootfs

# 解压 buildroot 制作出来的根文件系统压缩文件到 rootfs 分区
sudo tar -vxf ./file/rootfs.tar -C /mnt/rootfs/

# 安装内核模块到 rootfs 分区
cd ../linux-5.19.0/
sudo make INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/mnt/rootfs/ modules_install

卸载文件系统

sync
sudo umount /mnt/rootfs
sudo umount /mnt/boot

取消环路的关联

sudo losetup -d /dev/loop30
sudo losetup -d /dev/loop26
sudo losetup -d /dev/loop11

写入到 TF 卡进行测试

sudo dd if=./sdcard.img of=/dev/sdd