wifi模块调试笔记
移植wifi测试工具
wifi工具下载地址：http://w1.fi/
移植wpa_*系列工具
移植hostapd 工具
该工具依赖2个库：libnl、openssl；因此首先得先完成这两个库的移植，指定好这两个库的安装位置。
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cd hostapd
cp defconfig .config
.config编译配置修改(在默认配置的基础上确认下述配置已打开)：
（特别要在其中指定好上述libnl、openssl的头文件以及库文件路径）
CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211=y
CONFIG_LIBNL20=y
CONFIG_WPS=y
CONFIG_DRIVER_RTW=y
CONFIG_IEEE80211N=y
CFLAGS += -I/opt/novatek-sdk/nt9833x/v3.03.103.uclibc/na51103_linux_sdk/code/lib/external/__install/include
LIBS += -L/opt/novatek-sdk/nt9833x/v3.03.103.uclibc/na51103_linux_sdk/code/lib/external/__install/lib
附录：AP模式密码错误问题
如果上述配置CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211没有打开时，hostapd会使用默认driver创建AP。此时会导致手机连接该热点时报“密码错误”。
解决办法：
step1. 编译hostapd工具前，配置CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211=y
step2. 在hostapd.conf中配置driver=nl80211
配置内核
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wifi增加802.11 协议栈的支持 [*] Networking support ---> [*] Wireless ---> (勾选) <*> cfg80211 - wireless configuration API [*] enable powersave by default (NEW) [*] cfg80211 wireless extensions compatibility <*> Generic IEEE 802.11 Networking Stack (mac80211) [*] Enable mac80211 mesh networking (pre-802.11s) support USB 支持WIFI 的配置 Device Drivers ---> [*]usb support <*> USB Wireless Device Management support ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 配置 wireless Extension(不配置会有 error: unknown field 'private' specified in initializer 之类错误) Device Drivers ---> Network device support ---> [*] Wireless LAN ---> <*> USB ZD1201 based Wireless device support ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wifi其它配置（配置项可能在menuconfig没有呈现出来，但是要保证下述配置项的状态为y）： [*] Networking support ---> [*] WIRELESS_EXT （该选项在novatek平台上被选中时，会导致sta错误） <*> CONFIG_LIB80211 <*> LIB80211_CRYPT_WEP <*> LIB80211_CRYPT_CCMP <*> LIB80211_CRYPT_TKIP Device drivers --> [*] Staging drivers ---> <*> Support for rtllib wireless devices <*> Support for rtllib CCMP crypto <*> Support for rtllib TKIP crypto <*> Support for rtllib WEP crypto ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 错误解决 rfkill是一个内核级别的管理工具，可以打开和关闭设备的蓝牙和wifi CONFIG_RFKILL rfkill: Cannot open RFKILL control device 先选Device Drivers ---> [*] Voltage and Current Regulator Support ---> 再 [*] Networking support ---> <*> RF switch subsystem support ---> <*> Generic rfkill regulator driver 移植wifi模块驱动
- 修改makefile指定交叉编译工具链、内核路径、输出路径
- make
注意：每当修改了与wifi模块相关的内核配置后（包括网络相关配置），都要重新编译wifi模块驱动。否则有可能会导致各种异常现象。现象包括（1、加载驱动则崩溃；2、调用驱动时崩溃；3、其它异常）。
测试
加载驱动
insmod 8188eu.ko
用作AP
一般需要用到2个工具（hostapd，udhcpd）；这两个工具分别对应两个配置文件（rtl_hostapd_2G.conf，udhcpd.conf）
hostapd：初始化wifi模块，并生成热点
udhcpd：（dhcp服务器）用于分配IP地址
rtl_hostapd_2G.conf
##### hostapd configuration file ##############################################
interface=wlan0
ctrl_interface=/var/run/hostapd
ssid=rtwap
channel=6
#wpa=0 //open mode
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=87654321
#bridge=br0
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)
eap_server=1
WPS state
0 = WPS disabled (default)
1 = WPS enabled, not configured
2 = WPS enabled, configured
wps_state=2
uuid=12345678-9abc-def0-1234-56789abcdef0
Device Name
User-friendly description of device; up to 32 octets encoded in UTF-8
device_name=RTL8192EU
Manufacturer
The manufacturer of the device (up to 64 ASCII characters)
manufacturer=Realtek
Model Name
Model of the device (up to 32 ASCII characters)
model_name=RTW_SOFTAP
Model Number
Additional device description (up to 32 ASCII characters)
model_number=WLAN_CU
Serial Number
Serial number of the device (up to 32 characters)
serial_number=12345
Primary Device Type
Used format: <categ>-<OUI>-<subcateg>
categ = Category as an integer value
OUI = OUI and type octet as a 4-octet hex-encoded value; 0050F204 for
default WPS OUI
subcateg = OUI-specific Sub Category as an integer value
Examples:
1-0050F204-1 (Computer / PC)
1-0050F204-2 (Computer / Server)
5-0050F204-1 (Storage / NAS)
6-0050F204-1 (Network Infrastructure / AP)
device_type=6-0050F204-1
OS Version
4-octet operating system version number (hex string)
os_version=01020300
Config Methods
List of the supported configuration methods
config_methods=label display push_button keypad
default configuration
#driver=rtl871xdrv #该rtl871xdrv会导致手机连接时报密码错误
driver=nl80211 #启用nl80211，当提示不存在该driver时，在编译hostapd工具是，在.config文件中配置启用。
#driver=wext
beacon_int=100
hw_mode=g
ieee80211n=1
wme_enabled=1
ht_capab=[SHORT-GI-20][SHORT-GI-40][HT40+]
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK WPA-EAP
wpa_pairwise=CCMP TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP TKIP
max_num_sta=8
wpa_group_rekey=86400
udhcpd.conf
# Sample udhcpd configuration file (/etc/udhcpd.conf)
# Values shown are defaults
The start and end of the IP lease block
start 192.168.0.20
end 192.168.0.254
The interface that udhcpd will use
#interface eth0
interface wlan0
The maximum number of leases (includes addresses reserved
by OFFER’s, DECLINE’s, and ARP conflicts). Will be corrected
if it’s bigger than IP lease block, but it ok to make it
smaller than lease block.
#max_leases 254
The amount of time that an IP will be reserved (leased to nobody)
if a DHCP decline message is received (seconds)
#decline_time 3600
The amount of time that an IP will be reserved
if an ARP conflict occurs (seconds)
#conflict_time 3600
How long an offered address is reserved (seconds)
#offer_time 60
If client asks for lease below this value, it will be rounded up
to this value (seconds)
#min_lease 60
The location of the pid file
#pidfile /var/run/udhcpd.pid
The location of the leases file
#lease_file /var/lib/misc/udhcpd.leases
The time period at which udhcpd will write out leases file.
If this is 0, udhcpd will never automatically write leases file.
Specified in seconds.
#auto_time 7200
Every time udhcpd writes a leases file, the below script will be called
#notify_file # default: no script
#notify_file dumpleases # useful for debugging
The following are bootp specific options
next server to use in bootstrap
#siaddr 192.168.0.22 # default: 0.0.0.0 (none)
tftp server name
#sname zorak # default: none
tftp file to download (e.g. kernel image)
#boot_file /var/nfs_root # default: none
Static leases map
#static_lease 00:60:08:11:CE:4E 192.168.0.54
#static_lease 00:60:08:11:CE:3E 192.168.0.44
The remainder of options are DHCP options and can be specified with the
keyword ‘opt’ or ‘option’. If an option can take multiple items, such
as the dns option, they can be listed on the same line, or multiple
lines.
Examples:
#opt dns 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.10
opt dns 0.0.0.0
option subnet 255.255.255.0
#opt router 192.168.10.2
opt router 192.168.0.2
#opt wins 192.168.10.10
opt wins 0.0.0.0
option dns 129.219.13.81 # appended to above DNS servers for a total of 3
option domain local
option lease 864000 # default: 10 days
option msstaticroutes 10.0.0.0/8 10.127.0.1 # single static route
option staticroutes 10.0.0.0/8 10.127.0.1, 10.11.12.0/24 10.11.12.1
Arbitrary option in hex form:
option 0x08 01020304 # option 8: “cookie server IP addr: 1.2.3.4”
Currently supported options (for more info, see options.c):
#opt lease NUM
#opt subnet IP
#opt broadcast IP
#opt router IP_LIST
#opt ipttl NUM
#opt mtu NUM
#opt hostname STRING # client’s hostname
#opt domain STRING # client’s domain suffix
#opt search STRING_LIST # search domains
#opt nisdomain STRING
#opt timezone NUM # (localtime - UTC_time) in seconds. signed
#opt tftp STRING # tftp server name
#opt bootfile STRING # tftp file to download (e.g. kernel image)
#opt bootsize NUM # size of that file
#opt rootpath STRING # (NFS) path to mount as root fs
#opt wpad STRING
#opt serverid IP # default: server’s IP
#opt message STRING # error message (udhcpd sends it on success too)
#opt vlanid NUM # 802.1P VLAN ID
#opt vlanpriority NUM # 802.1Q VLAN priority
Options specifying server(s)
#opt dns IP_LIST
#opt wins IP_LIST
#opt nissrv IP_LIST
#opt ntpsrv IP_LIST
#opt lprsrv IP_LIST
#opt swapsrv IP
Options specifying routes
#opt routes IP_PAIR_LIST
#opt staticroutes STATIC_ROUTES # RFC 3442 classless static route option
#opt msstaticroutes STATIC_ROUTES # same, using MS option number
Obsolete options, no longer supported
#opt logsrv IP_LIST # 704/UDP log server (not syslog!)
#opt namesrv IP_LIST # IEN 116 name server, obsolete (August 1979!!!)
#opt cookiesrv IP_LIST # RFC 865 “quote of the day” server, rarely (never?) used
#opt timesrv IP_LIST # RFC 868 time server, rarely (never?) used
TODO: in development
#opt userclass STRING # RFC 3004. set of LASCII strings. “I am a printer” etc
#opt sipserv STRING LIST # RFC 3361. flag byte, then: 0: domain names, 1: IP addrs
AP测试脚本
#!/bin/sh
ifconfig wlan0 up
ifconfig wlan0 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
udhcpd -fS /etc/udhcpd.conf &
hostapd /etc/rtl_hostapd_2G.conf -B
#设置路由表
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -F
iptables -X
iptables -F -t nat
iptables -X -t nat
#桥接对外网卡
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o usb0 -j MASQUERADE
#iptables-restore < /mnt/flash/1111
echo 1 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
附录：hostapd的加密方式
参考：https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-wifiencrypthostapd/#resources
参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhuwenger/archive/2011/03/11/1980294.html
参考： https://www.21ic.com/tougao/article/585.html
hostapd有三种加密方式：WEP、WPA/WPA2、WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
WEP
比较差的加密方式，已被破解并且不支持80211n。
配置文件中wep加密为：
wep_key0=“xxxx”
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WPA/WPA2
WPA/WPA2是一种比WEP强壮的加密算法，挑选这种安全类型，路由器将选用Radius服务器进行身份认证并得到密钥的WPA或WPA2安全形式。因为要架起一台专用的认证服务器，价值对比贵重且保护也很杂乱，所以不推荐普通用户运用此安全类型。
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK安全类型其实是WPA/WPA2的一种简化版别，它是依据同享密钥的WPA形式，安全性很高，设置也对比简单，合适普通家庭用户和小型企业运用。
常见家用路由器的加密方式有：
WPA-Personal(TKIP+AES、AES)
WPA2-Personal(AES)
WPA2-Personal Mixed(TKIP+AES)
配置文件中加密实现：
auth_algs=1
wpa=3
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=CCMP TKIP
wpa_passphrase=12345678
当wpa=3时，
是WPA2-Personal Mixed模式，即
WPA-PSK-CCMP+TKIP WPA2PSK-CCMP+TKIP
当wpa=2时，
WPA2PSK-CCMP+TKIP
当wpa=1时，
WPAPSK-CCMP+TKIP
这儿格外需求阐明的是，三种无线加密办法对无线网络传输速率的影响也不尽相同。因为IEEE 802.11n规范不支持以WEP加密或TKIP加密算法的高吞吐率，所以假如用户挑选了WEP加密办法或WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK加密办法的TKIP算法，无线传输速率将会主动限制在11g水平。
也就是说，假如用户运用的是契合IEEE 802.11n规范的无线商品，那么无线加密办法只能挑选WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK的AES算法加密，不然无线传输速率将会显着下降。而假如用户 运用的是契合IEEE 802.11g规范的无线商品，那么三种加密办法都能够极好的兼容，不过仍然不主张我们挑选WEP这种较老且现已被破解的加密办法，最好能够晋级一下无线路由。
附录：AP模式下，热点配置为加密方式，密码错误
参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/tid-think/p/9110620.html
解决办法已确认：编译hostapd工具前要确定是否配置启用nl80211的driver。
附录：udhcpd.conf参考
参考自 https://www.xuebuyuan.com/2044396.html
start 192.168.0.2
end 192.168.0.100
interface wlan1 #default: eth0
max_leases 20 #default: 254
remaining yes #default: yes
auto_time 7200 #default: 7200 (2 hours)
decline_time 3600 #default: 3600 (1 hour)
conflict_time 3600 #default: 3600 (1 hour)
offer_time 60 #default: 60 (1 minute)
min_lease 60 #defult: 60
lease_file /etc/udhcpd.leases
opt dns 10.221.0.11 8.8.8.8
option subnet 255.255.255.0
opt router 192.168.0.1
一般需要用到三个工具（wpa_passphrase ，wpa_supplicant ，udhcpc ）
wpa_passphrase ：用于根据wifi用户名及密码生成配置文件，如下：wpa_supplicant_rtw.conf。
wpa_supplicant ：初始化wifi设备并接入热点。
udhcpc：（dhcp客户端程序）自动获取“由DHCP服务器分配的IP地址”
udhcpc.script
#!/bin/sh
# udhcpc script edited by Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org>
RESOLV_CONF="/etc/resolv.conf"
[ -n "$1" ] || { echo "Error: should be called from udhcpc"; exit 1; }
NETMASK=""
[ -n "$subnet" ] && NETMASK="netmask $subnet"
BROADCAST="broadcast +"
[ -n "$broadcast" ] && BROADCAST="broadcast $broadcast"
case "$1" in
deconfig)
echo "Setting IP address 0.0.0.0 on $interface"
ifconfig $interface 0.0.0.0
;;
renew|bound)
echo "Setting IP address $ip on $interface"
ifconfig $interface $ip $NETMASK $BROADCAST
if [ -n "$router" ] ; then
echo "Deleting routers"
while route del default gw 0.0.0.0 dev $interface ; do
:
done
metric=0
for i in $router ; do
echo "Adding router $i"
route add default gw $i dev $interface metric $metric
: $(( metric += 1 ))
done
fi
echo "Recreating $RESOLV_CONF"
# If the file is a symlink somewhere (like /etc/resolv.conf
# pointing to /run/resolv.conf), make sure things work.
realconf=$(readlink -f "$RESOLV_CONF" 2>/dev/null || echo "$RESOLV_CONF")
tmpfile="$realconf-$$"
> "$tmpfile"
[ -n "$domain" ] && echo "search $domain" >> "$tmpfile"
for i in $dns ; do
echo " Adding DNS server $i"
echo "nameserver $i" >> "$tmpfile"
done
mv "$tmpfile" "$realconf"
;;
esac
exit 0
STA测试
#!/bin/sh
#step1: select ap
wpa_passphrase Test_Jinny 88889999 | tee -a /etc/wpa_supplicant_rtw.conf
#wpa_passphrase TL-TEST TL12345678 | tee -a /etc/wpa_supplicant_rtw.conf
#step2: connect ap
ifconfig wlan1 up
wpa_supplicant -i wlan1 -D wext -c /etc/wpa_supplicant_rtw.conf -B
#wpa_supplicant -i wlan1 -D nl80211 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant_rtw.conf -B
#step3: get ip
udhcpc -i wlan1 -s /etc/udhcpc.script &
#route add default gw 192.168.80.254
用作P2P
确认我们编译好的wap工具是否支持p2p功能
根据wpa_supplicant源码中的README-P2P可知，需要使能下述的配置:
CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211=y
CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE=y
CONFIG_P2P=y
CONFIG_AP=y
CONFIG_WPS=y
修改源码下的.config文件，将上述配置使能，接着重新编译wpa工具
wpa_p2p.conf:
ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant
ap_scan=1
device_name=mwifiex-p2p-device
device_type=1-0050F204-1
p2p_listen_reg_class=81
p2p_listen_channel=1
p2p_oper_reg_class=81
p2p_oper_channel=1
p2p_no_group_iface=1
p2p_go_intent=15
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant update_config=1 device_name=mint device_type=2-0050F204-1 p2p_listen_reg_class=81 p2p_listen_channel=1 p2p_oper_reg_class=81 p2p_oper_channel=1 p2p_go_intent=1 p2p_no_group_iface=1wpa_supplicant -i p2p0 -c wpa_p2p.conf -Dnl80211 wpa_cli -i p2p0 p2p_find 10 p2p_peers附录 (仅用作参考，不一定有效，未验证)
参考自：it610.com/article/1279353238881058816.htm
1、准备好Realtek提供的RTL8188EUS驱动源码；2、将RTL8188EUS驱动源码拷贝进开发板的内核源文件目录/driver/net/wireless/rtl818x；
3、修改/driver/net/wireless/rtl818x目录下的Kconfig目录，增加配置语句：
config RTL8188EUS
tristate “rtl8188eus usb wifi”4、修改/driver/net/wireless/rtl818x目录的Makefile，增加内容：
obj-$(CONFIG_RTL8188EUS) += rtl8188EUS/
5、在/driver/net/wireless目录的Kconfig末尾增加语句：source “drivers/net/wireless/rtl818x/Kconfig”
6、在编译内核时，Make Menuconfig时进行编译配置。首先USB支持设备，是能HOST USB相关功能；然后配置WIFI设备勾选IEEE802.11 for Host AP，以及子目录；最后配置网络支持IEEE802.11与cfg80211 wireless extensions compatibility；勾选rtl8188eus usb wifi设备。
7、编译完内核后加载到开发板，确保USB WIFI设备已经安装到了USB插座。然后安装wireless tools与wpa_supplicant工具可以进行测试。注意 wpa_supplicant依赖于libopenssl，因此先安装libopenssl和libnl，最后安装wpa_supplicant。(编译后的文件库见上传的资料：需要将libnl、libopenssl的lib目录下的全部文件拷贝到开发板的文件系统对应目录即 /rootfs/usr/lib/内；在wpa_supplicant的config中指定编译器和这些libopenssl和libnl下的include和lib目录。)
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