生产者和消费者模型

条件变量：可以引起阻塞，并非锁，要和互斥量组合使用
超时等待
int pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond,pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex,const struct timespec *restrict abstime);

struct timesec{
time_t tv_sec; //秒，绝对时间，填写的时候time(NULL)+600设置超时600s
long tv_nsec; //纳秒
}

条件变量阻塞等待
int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond,pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex);
先释放mutex
阻塞在cond条件变量上

销毁一个条件变量
int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond);
初始化一个条件变量
int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond,const pthread_condattr_t *restrict attr);
pthread_cond_t cond=PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;

至少唤醒一个阻塞在条件变量cond上的线程
int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond);
唤醒阻塞在条件变量cond上的全部线程
int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cond);

条件变量：避免没有必要的竞争

cond_product.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

pthread_mutex_t mutex=PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t cond=PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;

int beginnum=100;

typedef struct _ProdInfo{
    int num;
    struct _ProdInfo *next;
}ProdInfo;

ProdInfo *Head=NULL;

void* thr_producter(void *arg)
{
    //负责在链表中添加数据
    while(1){
        ProdInfo *prod=malloc(sizeof(ProdInfo));
        prod->num=beginnum++;
        printf("----%s----self=%lu----%d\n",__FUNCTION__,pthread_self(),prod->num);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
        //加入链表
        prod->next=Head;
        Head=prod; 
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
        //发起通知
        pthread_cond_signal(&cond);
        sleep(rand()%4);
    }
    return NULL；
}     

void* thr_customer(void *arg)
{
    ProdInfo *prod=NULL;
    while(1){
        //取链表的数据
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
        while(Head==NULL){
            pthread_cond_wait(&cond,&mutex); // 在此之前必须加锁
        }
        prod=Head;
        Head=Head->next;
        printf("----%s----self=%lu----%d\n",__FUNCTION__,pthread_self(),prod->num);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
        sleep(rand()%2);
        free(prod);
    }
    return NULL；
}   

int main()
{
    pthread_t tid[2];
    pthread_create(&tid[0],NULL,thr_producter,NULL);
    pthread_create(&tid[1],NULL,thr_customer,NULL);
    pthread_create(&tid[2],NULL,thr_customer,NULL);

    pthread_join(tid[0],NULL);
    pthread_join(tid[1],NULL);
    pthread_join(tid[2],NULL);
    pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);
    pthread_cond_destroy(&cond);

    return 0;
}