【百问网】7天物联网智能家居实战 Day3_3

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已于 2022-05-12 22:57:37 修改

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分类专栏：七天物联网智能家居文章标签：单片机物联网 stm32

于 2022-05-12 22:57:13 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/take_cola/article/details/124742116

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串口驱动

Day3-三、串口驱动

(一)、官方参照

对于串口的功能，32的官方串口hal库文件中的注释里有十分详细的介绍和说明，在配置串口时可多多参照：

“stm32f1xx_hal_uart.c”:

  @verbatim
  ==============================================================================
                        ##### How to use this driver #####
  ==============================================================================
  [..]
    The UART HAL driver can be used as follows:

    (#) Declare a UART_HandleTypeDef handle structure (eg. UART_HandleTypeDef huart).
    (#) Initialize the UART low level resources by implementing the HAL_UART_MspInit() API:
        (##) Enable the USARTx interface clock.
        (##) UART pins configuration:
            (+++) Enable the clock for the UART GPIOs.
            (+++) Configure these UART pins (TX as alternate function pull-up, RX as alternate function Input).
        (##) NVIC configuration if you need to use interrupt process (HAL_UART_Transmit_IT()
             and HAL_UART_Receive_IT() APIs):
            (+++) Configure the USARTx interrupt priority.
            (+++) Enable the NVIC USART IRQ handle.
        (##) DMA Configuration if you need to use DMA process (HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA()
             and HAL_UART_Receive_DMA() APIs):
            (+++) Declare a DMA handle structure for the Tx/Rx channel.
            (+++) Enable the DMAx interface clock.
            (+++) Configure the declared DMA handle structure with the required
                  Tx/Rx parameters.
            (+++) Configure the DMA Tx/Rx channel.
            (+++) Associate the initialized DMA handle to the UART DMA Tx/Rx handle.
            (+++) Configure the priority and enable the NVIC for the transfer complete
                  interrupt on the DMA Tx/Rx channel.
            (+++) Configure the USARTx interrupt priority and enable the NVIC USART IRQ handle
                  (used for last byte sending completion detection in DMA non circular mode)

    (#) Program the Baud Rate, Word Length, Stop Bit, Parity, Hardware
        flow control and Mode(Receiver/Transmitter) in the huart Init structure.

    (#) For the UART asynchronous mode, initialize the UART registers by calling
        the HAL_UART_Init() API.

    (#) For the UART Half duplex mode, initialize the UART registers by calling
        the HAL_HalfDuplex_Init() API.

    (#) For the LIN mode, initialize the UART registers by calling the HAL_LIN_Init() API.

    (#) For the Multi-Processor mode, initialize the UART registers by calling
        the HAL_MultiProcessor_Init() API.

     [..]
       (@) The specific UART interrupts (Transmission complete interrupt,
            RXNE interrupt and Error Interrupts) will be managed using the macros
            __HAL_UART_ENABLE_IT() and __HAL_UART_DISABLE_IT() inside the transmit
            and receive process.

     [..]
       (@) These APIs (HAL_UART_Init() and HAL_HalfDuplex_Init()) configure also the
            low level Hardware GPIO, CLOCK, CORTEX...etc) by calling the customized
            HAL_UART_MspInit() API.

    ##### Callback registration #####
    ==================================

    [..]
    The compilation define USE_HAL_UART_REGISTER_CALLBACKS when set to 1
    allows the user to configure dynamically the driver callbacks.

    [..]
    Use Function @ref HAL_UART_RegisterCallback() to register a user callback.
    Function @ref HAL_UART_RegisterCallback() allows to register following callbacks:
    (+) TxHalfCpltCallback        : Tx Half Complete Callback.
    (+) TxCpltCallback            : Tx Complete Callback.
    (+) RxHalfCpltCallback        : Rx Half Complete Callback.
    (+) RxCpltCallback            : Rx Complete Callback.
    (+) ErrorCallback             : Error Callback.
    (+) AbortCpltCallback         : Abort Complete Callback.
    (+) AbortTransmitCpltCallback : Abort Transmit Complete Callback.
    (+) AbortReceiveCpltCallback  : Abort Receive Complete Callback.
    (+) MspInitCallback           : UART MspInit.
    (+) MspDeInitCallback         : UART MspDeInit.
    This function takes as parameters the HAL peripheral handle, the Callback ID
    and a pointer to the user callback function.

    [..]
    Use function @ref HAL_UART_UnRegisterCallback() to reset a callback to the default
    weak (surcharged) function.
    @ref HAL_UART_UnRegisterCallback() takes as parameters the HAL peripheral handle,
    and the Callback ID.
    This function allows to reset following callbacks:
    (+) TxHalfCpltCallback        : Tx Half Complete Callback.
    (+) TxCpltCallback            : Tx Complete Callback.
    (+) RxHalfCpltCallback        : Rx Half Complete Callback.
    (+) RxCpltCallback            : Rx Complete Callback.
    (+) ErrorCallback             : Error Callback.
    (+) AbortCpltCallback         : Abort Complete Callback.
    (+) AbortTransmitCpltCallback : Abort Transmit Complete Callback.
    (+) AbortReceiveCpltCallback  : Abort Receive Complete Callback.
    (+) MspInitCallback           : UART MspInit.
    (+) MspDeInitCallback         : UART MspDeInit.

    [..]
    By default, after the @ref HAL_UART_Init() and when the state is HAL_UART_STATE_RESET
    all callbacks are set to the corresponding weak (surcharged) functions:
    examples @ref HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback(), @ref HAL_UART_RxHalfCpltCallback().
    Exception done for MspInit and MspDeInit functions that are respectively
    reset to the legacy weak (surcharged) functions in the @ref HAL_UART_Init()
    and @ref HAL_UART_DeInit() only when these callbacks are null (not registered beforehand).
    If not, MspInit or MspDeInit are not null, the @ref HAL_UART_Init() and @ref HAL_UART_DeInit()
    keep and use the user MspInit/MspDeInit callbacks (registered beforehand).

    [..]
    Callbacks can be registered/unregistered in HAL_UART_STATE_READY state only.
    Exception done MspInit/MspDeInit that can be registered/unregistered
    in HAL_UART_STATE_READY or HAL_UART_STATE_RESET state, thus registered (user)
    MspInit/DeInit callbacks can be used during the Init/DeInit.
    In that case first register the MspInit/MspDeInit user callbacks
    using @ref HAL_UART_RegisterCallback() before calling @ref HAL_UART_DeInit()
    or @ref HAL_UART_Init() function.

    [..]
    When The compilation define USE_HAL_UART_REGISTER_CALLBACKS is set to 0 or
    not defined, the callback registration feature is not available
    and weak (surcharged) callbacks are used.

     [..]
        Three operation modes are available within this driver :

     *** Polling mode IO operation ***
     =================================
     [..]
       (+) Send an amount of data in blocking mode using HAL_UART_Transmit()
       (+) Receive an amount of data in blocking mode using HAL_UART_Receive()

     *** Interrupt mode IO operation ***
     ===================================
     [..]
       (+) Send an amount of data in non blocking mode using HAL_UART_Transmit_IT()
       (+) At transmission end of transfer HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback is executed and user can
            add his own code by customization of function pointer HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback
       (+) Receive an amount of data in non blocking mode using HAL_UART_Receive_IT()
       (+) At reception end of transfer HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback is executed and user can
            add his own code by customization of function pointer HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback
       (+) In case of transfer Error, HAL_UART_ErrorCallback() function is executed and user can
            add his own code by customization of function pointer HAL_UART_ErrorCallback

     *** DMA mode IO operation ***
     ==============================
     [..]
       (+) Send an amount of data in non blocking mode (DMA) using HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA()
       (+) At transmission end of half transfer HAL_UART_TxHalfCpltCallback is executed and user can
            add his own code by customization of function pointer HAL_UART_TxHalfCpltCallback
       (+) At transmission end of transfer HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback is executed and user can
            add his own code by customization of function pointer HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback
       (+) Receive an amount of data in non blocking mode (DMA) using HAL_UART_Receive_DMA()
       (+) At reception end of half transfer HAL_UART_RxHalfCpltCallback is executed and user can
            add his own code by customization of function pointer HAL_UART_RxHalfCpltCallback
       (+) At reception end of transfer HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback is executed and user can
            add his own code by customization of function pointer HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback
       (+) In case of transfer Error, HAL_UART_ErrorCallback() function is executed and user can
            add his own code by customization of function pointer HAL_UART_ErrorCallback
       (+) Pause the DMA Transfer using HAL_UART_DMAPause()
       (+) Resume the DMA Transfer using HAL_UART_DMAResume()
       (+) Stop the DMA Transfer using HAL_UART_DMAStop()

     *** UART HAL driver macros list ***
     =============================================
     [..]
       Below the list of most used macros in UART HAL driver.

      (+) __HAL_UART_ENABLE: Enable the UART peripheral
      (+) __HAL_UART_DISABLE: Disable the UART peripheral
      (+) __HAL_UART_GET_FLAG : Check whether the specified UART flag is set or not
      (+) __HAL_UART_CLEAR_FLAG : Clear the specified UART pending flag
      (+) __HAL_UART_ENABLE_IT: Enable the specified UART interrupt
      (+) __HAL_UART_DISABLE_IT: Disable the specified UART interrupt
      (+) __HAL_UART_GET_IT_SOURCE: Check whether the specified UART interrupt has occurred or not

     [..]
       (@) You can refer to the UART HAL driver header file for more useful macros

  @endverbatim

(二)、半主机模式、C库、Microlib

参考手册：

《Semihosting for AArch32 and AArch64》

《Arm C and C++ Libraries and Floating Point Support User Guide》

1、半主机模式：

半主机模式是ARM标准提出的概念，它是ARM处理器或模拟器(如MDK仿真器)与PC主机进行输入输出通信的一种机制，这里的输入输出指的是，键盘输入信息给PC，PC将信息传递给Target，Target这里可以是MDK仿真模拟器或硬件处理器实物；输出则是将Target的printf()内容输出给PC主机，主机再将printf()里的内容显示出来。

当ARM处理器(Target)使用C库的printf()或scanf()函数时，会调用C库的SVC触发一个异常，然后由主机里的一个debugger调试器处理，与Host主机建立一个通信连接，将目标机要输出的信息打印出来。

所谓半主机的意思是，Target目标机是与Host主机直接相连的，而不是连一个键盘或屏幕。
这样一个模式机制是一系列指令的集合，半主机模式下调用一个printf或scanf或其他的接口时，最终调用的是C库的一些代码。

2、C库

半主机模式在MDK下默认是使能的。也不需要加入什么别的头文件。

让单片机的串口1实现一个printf函数，用来输出一些调试信息。但串口1是没法直接使用printf输出信息的，则需要重定向printf。

C库中对printf的重定向：

将上面红框内的代码复制到driver_dbg.c驱动中。
并且重新修改fpuc()函数：

int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
	/* Your implementation of fputc(). */
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t*)&ch,1,10);
	return ch;
}

3、Microlib

microlib是一个很小很轻量的C库，但是注意，代码如果使用操作系统，就不能用microlib，不用操作系统才可以使用。

如果使用microlib就不需要重新定义_stdin，_stdout等，在microlib中已有定义，只需要重新实现fpuc函数即可。

(三)、代码实现

根据上述内容对串口对应的IO引脚以及串口功能进行初始化：

1、driver_dbg.c:

#include "driver_dbg.h"
#include <stdio.h>

void HAL_UART1_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart);

static UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;//定义成全局变量

int Driver_DBG_Init(void)
{//初始化串口1的相应功能
	HAL_UART1_MspInit(&huart1);
	
	huart1.Instance = USART1;
	huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
	huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
	huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
	huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
	huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
	huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
	huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;	
	
	if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
    {
        return -1; // 初始化USART1失败
    }
	
	return 0;
}

void HAL_UART1_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{//初始化串口1对应的GPIO引脚
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
    
    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
        
    /* USART1 TX/RX */
    /* PA9  - TX
     * PA10 - RX
     */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9;
	GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;//复用推挽输出
	GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
	HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

	GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10;
	GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_INPUT;//复用输入
	GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;       //配置上拉
	HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}

//重定向printf:
struct __FILE
{
	int handle;
};
/* FILE is typedef’d in stdio.h. */
FILE __stdout;
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
	/* Your implementation of fputc(). */
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t*)&ch,1,10);
	return ch;
}

2、driver_dbg.h:

#ifndef __DRIVER_DBG_H
#define __DRIVER_DBG_H

#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"

int Driver_DBG_Init(void);

#endif

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【百问网】7天物联网智能家居实战 Day3_3

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