【PyQt5图形界面编程（4）】：界面开发

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已于 2023-10-18 10:29:25 修改

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分类专栏：【PyQt5图形界面编程】文章标签： pycharm 学习笔记

于 2023-10-11 16:37:49 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/tanjinyi912709177912/article/details/133773588

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界面开发

需求
开发思路
开发过程
- QTreeWidget
PyQt5.QtWidgets.QFormLayout：窗体布局
QStackedWidget：堆栈窗体
垂直布局选择与否
PyQt5.QtCore.QSettings()
总结
数据保存及打开Qsetting
QListWidget、QTableWidget将所选项目保存到Qsettings

需求

开发一个界面，用于配置具体功能属性，最终生成自己想要的c代码。

具体要求：

左侧是具体大类栏，如：IO,ADC,PWW
右侧为具体属性栏，如：名称，…
选择某一具体条目时，显示对应的属性配置
实现的效果：以Davinci为例

涉及用到模块：

QMenuBar
QMenu
QAction
QTreeWidget
QStackedWidget
QWidget
QLable
QLineEdit
QXomboBox（下拉盒）
Frame

开发思路

图形开发基本是置顶而下的，从顶层往下设计
代码开发也借鉴图形开发方式，采用继承方式，逐一往下开发
为了便于开发，可以采用qt designer和代码开发这两者方式结合开发
图形用于调整界面，代码用于方便补充内容

开发过程

在这里插入图片描述
实现方法：

1、当单击左边的QTreeWidget时
2、处理单击事件：获取当前行，并调用setCurrentIndex来显示QStackedWidget具体窗口
3、可以采用QFormLayout属性，在QStackedWidget窗口内可以添加具体内容
4、QFormLayout是垂直布局属性(QVBoxLayout)，便于软件逐行添加，执行formLayout.addRow(“名称”，“…”)

QTreeWidget

创建QTreeWidget（树形窗口）

	self.youSelf_QTreeWidget = QtWidgets.QTreeWidget(被继承的窗口)

创建Item（条目）

创建Item

    item_1 = QtWidgets.QTreeWidgetItem(self.youSelf_QTreeWidget)#创建1级条目
    item_11 = QtWidgets.QTreeWidgetItem(item_0 )#1级条目下再创建2级条目 
    item_111 = QtWidgets.QTreeWidgetItem(item_11 )#1级条目下的2级条目下创建3级条目

问题

1、item文本如果过长，显示不完全，出现省略号

在这里插入图片描述
解决方法：
加大MinimumSectionSize的值，比如100等

参考：PyQt5中设置QtreeWidget水平滚动条

开发

1、获取当前鼠标选中的行，进而显示对应的属性

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
    '''
    #....
    '''
	 	self.IOHW_QTreeWidget.clicked.connect(self.onClicked)


    def onClicked(self):
        item = self.IOHW_QTreeWidget.currentItem()
        if item.parent():#它的父类存在
            print(item.text(0))#自己的内容
            print(item.parent().text(0))
            if item.parent().text(0) == "IO":
                self.stackedWidget.setCurrentIndex(self.stackedWidget.indexOf(self.page_IO))
            if item.parent().text(0) == "ADC":
                self.stackedWidget.setCurrentIndex(self.stackedWidget.indexOf(self.page_ADC))
            if item.parent().text(0) == "PWM":
                self.stackedWidget.setCurrentIndex(self.stackedWidget.indexOf(self.page_PWM))
            if item.parent().text(0) == "test":
                self.stackedWidget.setCurrentIndex(self.stackedWidget.indexOf(self.page_test))

引用

PyQt5.QtWidgets.QFormLayout：窗体布局

PyQt5.QtWidgets.QFormLayout

QStackedWidget：堆栈窗体

插入窗体
在堆栈窗体的某一窗体内放入布局窗体（QFormLayout），并设置成垂直布局（QVBoxLayout）
窗体相关生成的代码：

        self.page_test = QtWidgets.QWidget()			#1、创建的窗体page_test
        self.page_test.setObjectName("page_test")
        self.verticalLayout_page_test = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.page_test)	#2、将page_test窗体设置成垂直布局
        self.verticalLayout_page_test.setObjectName("verticalLayout_page_test")
        self.formLayout_page_test = QtWidgets.QFormLayout()		#3、创建布局
        self.formLayout_page_test.setObjectName("formLayout_page_test")
        self.verticalLayout_page_test.addLayout(self.formLayout_page_test)		#4、将布局添加到垂直布局中
        self.stackedWidget.addWidget(self.page_test)	#5、将page_test窗体添加到堆栈窗体内

效果：
在这里插入图片描述

手动添加的代码，补充内容

        '''
        # 手动添加，方便开发
        '''
        # 在page_test中添加行编辑器
        self.page_test.edit1 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit()#定义
        self.formLayout_page_test.addRow('整数校验', self.page_test.edit1)#添加

        # 在page_test中添加下拉编辑器
        self.page_test.combo_box = QtWidgets.QComboBox()#定义
        self.page_test.combo_box.addItems(['Option1', 'Option2', 'Option3'])#下拉值
        self.formLayout_page_test.addRow('整数校验2', self.page_test.combo_box)#添加

垂直布局选择与否

选择了垂直布局效果
未选择垂直布局效果

PyQt5.QtCore.QSettings()

总结

用Qt Designer每次更新UI再用PyUic更新成.py文件时，.py文件总是覆盖自己添加的代码
解决方法就是用继承父类的方法，采用继承方法
 python类的继承

数据保存及打开Qsetting

PyQt学习笔记-使用QSettings保存系统配置参数

QListWidget、QTableWidget将所选项目保存到Qsettings

aaa
以下是转载

import contextlib
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class SettingsManager:
    def __init__(self, filename):
        self.m_settings = QtCore.QSettings(filename, QtCore.QSettings.IniFormat)

    @property
    def settings(self):
        return self.m_settings

    def read(self, widget):
        self.settings.beginGroup(widget.objectName())
        if isinstance(widget, QtWidgets.QAbstractItemView):
            selectionMode = self.settings.value(
                "selectionMode", type=QtWidgets.QAbstractItemView.SelectionMode
            )
            widget.setSelectionMode(selectionMode)
        if isinstance(widget, QtWidgets.QListWidget):
            items = self.settings.value("items")
            selecteditems = self.settings.value("selecteditems")
            # In the first reading the initial values must be established
            if items is None:
                self.read_defaults(widget)
            else:
                stream = QtCore.QDataStream(items, QtCore.QIODevice.ReadOnly)
                while not stream.atEnd():
                    it = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()
                    stream >> it
                    widget.addItem(it)
                stream = QtCore.QDataStream(
                    selecteditems, QtCore.QIODevice.ReadOnly
                )
                while not stream.atEnd():
                    row = stream.readInt()
                    it = widget.item(row)
                    if it is not None:
                        it.setSelected(True)
        if isinstance(widget, QtWidgets.QTableWidget):
            rowCount = self.settings.value("rowCount", type=int)
            columnCount = self.settings.value("columnCount", type=int)
            widget.setRowCount(rowCount)
            widget.setColumnCount(columnCount)
            items = self.settings.value("items")
            if items is None:
                self.read_defaults(widget)
            else:
                stream = QtCore.QDataStream(items, QtCore.QIODevice.ReadOnly)
                while not stream.atEnd():
                    it = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem()
                    i = stream.readInt()
                    j = stream.readInt()
                    stream >> it
                    widget.setItem(i, j, it)
                selecteditems = self.settings.value("selecteditems")
                stream = QtCore.QDataStream(
                    selecteditems, QtCore.QIODevice.ReadOnly
                )
                while not stream.atEnd():
                    i = stream.readInt()
                    j = stream.readInt()
                    it = widget.item(i, j)
                    if it is not None:
                        it.setSelected(True)
        self.settings.endGroup()

    def write(self, widget):
        self.settings.beginGroup(widget.objectName())
        if isinstance(widget, QtWidgets.QAbstractItemView):
            self.settings.setValue("selectionMode", widget.selectionMode())
        if isinstance(widget, QtWidgets.QListWidget):
            items = QtCore.QByteArray()
            stream = QtCore.QDataStream(items, QtCore.QIODevice.WriteOnly)
            for i in range(widget.count()):
                stream << widget.item(i)
            self.settings.setValue("items", items)
            selecteditems = QtCore.QByteArray()
            stream = QtCore.QDataStream(
                selecteditems, QtCore.QIODevice.WriteOnly
            )
            for it in widget.selectedItems():
                stream.writeInt(widget.row(it))

            self.settings.setValue("selecteditems", selecteditems)
        if isinstance(widget, QtWidgets.QTableWidget):
            self.settings.setValue("rowCount", widget.rowCount())
            self.settings.setValue("columnCount", widget.columnCount())
            items = QtCore.QByteArray()
            stream = QtCore.QDataStream(items, QtCore.QIODevice.WriteOnly)
            for i in range(widget.rowCount()):
                for j in range(widget.columnCount()):
                    it = widget.item(i, j)
                    if it is not None:
                        stream.writeInt(i)
                        stream.writeInt(j)
                        stream << it
            self.settings.setValue("items", items)
            selecteditems = QtCore.QByteArray()
            stream = QtCore.QDataStream(
                selecteditems, QtCore.QIODevice.WriteOnly
            )
            for it in widget.selectedItems():
                # print(it.row(), it.column())
                stream.writeInt(it.row())
                stream.writeInt(it.column())
            self.settings.setValue("selecteditems", selecteditems)
        self.settings.endGroup()

    def release(self):
        self.m_settings.sync()

    def read_defaults(self, widget):
        if widget.objectName() == "listwidget_1":
            widget.setSelectionMode(QtWidgets.QAbstractItemView.MultiSelection)
            for i in range(10):
                widget.addItem(QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem(str(i)))
        elif widget.objectName() == "listwidget_2":
            widget.setSelectionMode(QtWidgets.QAbstractItemView.MultiSelection)
            for i in "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz":
                widget.addItem(QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem(i))
        elif widget.objectName() == "tablewidget":
            widget.setSelectionMode(QtWidgets.QAbstractItemView.MultiSelection)
            widget.setRowCount(10)
            widget.setColumnCount(10)
            for i in range(widget.rowCount()):
                for j in range(widget.columnCount()):
                    it = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem("{}-{}".format(i, j))
                    widget.setItem(i, j, it)


@contextlib.contextmanager
def settingsContext(filename):
    manager = SettingsManager(filename)
    try:
        yield manager
    finally:
        manager.release()


class Widget(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)

        self.listwidget_1 = QtWidgets.QListWidget(objectName="listwidget_1")
        listwidget_2 = QtWidgets.QListWidget(objectName="listwidget_2")

        tablewidget = QtWidgets.QTableWidget(objectName="tablewidget")

        lay = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self)
        lay.addWidget(self.listwidget_1)
        lay.addWidget(listwidget_2)
        lay.addWidget(tablewidget)

        self.read_settings()

    def closeEvent(self, event):
        self.write_settings()
        super().closeEvent(event)

    def read_settings(self):
        with settingsContext("data.ini") as m:
            for children in self.findChildren(QtWidgets.QWidget):
                if children.objectName():
                    m.read(children)

    def write_settings(self):
        with settingsContext("data.ini") as m:
            for children in self.findChildren(QtWidgets.QWidget):
                if children.objectName():
                    m.write(children)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = Widget()
    w.resize(640, 480)
    w.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())