【LeetCode】Search in Rotated Sorted Array旋转数组问题总结

问题1. 数组中没有重复的数字

/************************************************************************
*
* Suppose a sorted array is rotated at some pivot unknown to you beforehand.
*
* (i.e., 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 might become 4 5 6 7 0 1 2).
*
* You are given a target value to search. If found in the array return its index, otherwise return -1.
*
* You may assume no duplicate exists in the array.
*
************************************************************************/

此题常规的解法为O(N),即遍历一遍数组，找到与target相同的索引，但是这种做法明显没有利用给的条件去做题。

二分的方法主要分两步：

1. 找到旋转数组中最小值的索引，这一点很巧妙，可以用二分的方法去寻找这个最小值的索引，代码如下：

 while (low<high) {
            int mid=(low+high)>>1;
            if (nums[mid]>nums[high]) low=mid+1;
            else high=mid;
        }

2.找到最小值点的索引后，我们就知道了他的旋转点再哪里，即
rot=low旋转了rot个长度。
例如： 1 3 5 7 9 旋转成 5 7 9 1 3，则旋转了3个长度。
那么在我们再一次用普通的二分查找mid时，实际上我们是查找旋转数组中的realmid=(mid+rot)%length因此二分搞定。

综上所述，完整AC代码如下：

class Solution {
public:
    int search(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
        int n=nums.size();
        int low=0,high=n-1;
        //find the smallest index
        while (low<high) {
            int mid=(low+high)>>1;
            if (nums[mid]>nums[high]) low=mid+1;
            else high=mid;
        }
        int rot=low;low=0,high=n-1;
        //usualy binary search
        while (low<=high) {
            int mid=(low+high)>>1;
            int realmid=(mid+rot)%n;
            if (nums[realmid]==target) return realmid;
            else if (nums[realmid]>target) high=mid-1;
            else low=mid+1;
        }
        return -1;
    }
};

问题2. 数组中有重复数字

/********************************************************************************** 
* 
* Follow up for "Search in Rotated Sorted Array":
* What if duplicates are allowed?
* 
* Would this affect the run-time complexity? How and why?
* 
* Write a function to determine if a given target is in the array.
*               
**********************************************************************************/

class Solution {
public:
    bool search(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
        int left = 0, right =  nums.size()-1, mid;
        while(left<=right) {
            mid = (left + right) >> 1;
            if(nums[mid] == target) return true;
            // the only difference from the first one, trickly case, just updat left and right
            if( (nums[left] == nums[mid]) && (nums[right] == nums[mid]) ) {++left; --right;}
            else if(nums[left] <= nums[mid]) {
                if( (nums[left]<=target) && (nums[mid] > target) ) right = mid-1;
                else left = mid + 1; 
            }
            else {
                if((nums[mid] < target) &&  (nums[right] >= target) ) left = mid+1;
                else right = mid-1;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
};