Python实现AES加密(无第三方库)
附上Github仓库链接:https://github.com/Tereaslle/AES-Python
概述
AES加密算法,即Rijndael算法,是一种对称分组密码,它可以使用长度为128、192和256位的密钥处理128位的数据块。本文将用Python实现密钥长度为128位的AES算法,若想要详细了解完整的AES算法,请移步官方文档。
首先,我们给出一个AES加密的总体描述。该算法的执行过程如下:
- 给定一个明文x和密钥key,将State初始化为x,同时产生11个轮密钥,并进行轮密钥加AddRoundKey操作,即将RoundKey与State异或,然后进行10轮迭代。
- 对前9轮中的每一轮,用S盒对State进行一次字节代换SubBytes;对State做一次行移位ShiftRows;再对State做一次列混合MixColumns;然后进行AddRoundKey操作。
- 对State依次进行操作SubBytes,ShiftRows,AddRoundKey。(前9轮运算每轮只比最后一轮多了一次列混合MixColumns操作)
- 将State定义为密文y。
加密流程图如下:
下面将详细介绍各个具体步骤的实现
初始变换
初始变换是将1*16字节的明文向量转换为4*4的矩阵,然后通过与第0轮密钥进行按位异或得到新的状态矩阵state,其中,0-10轮密钥由16字节的初始输入密钥经过拓展得到。
字节代换
字节代换则是将每个矩阵中两个字节视作位置坐标通过S-Box进行映射
def __sub_bytes(self, s):
'''
加密——字节代换,将每个字中两个字节视作S-Box表中的位置坐标进行映射
:param s: 输入需要加密的4*4矩阵
:return: None
'''
for i in range(4):
for j in range(4):
s[i][j] = Sbox[s[i][j]]
行移位
行移位则是将矩阵中每行的数据向左循环移动一位(第一行不变)
def __shift_rows(self, s):
'''
加密——行移位,将矩阵中每行元素循环左移一位(第一行不变)
:param s: 输入需要加密的4*4矩阵
:return: None
'''
s[0][1], s[1][1], s[2][1], s[3][1] = s[1][1], s[2][1], s[3][1], s[0][1]
s[0][2], s[1][2], s[2][2], s[3][2] = s[2][2], s[3][2], s[0][2], s[1][2]
s[0][3], s[1][3], s[2][3], s[3][3] = s[3][3], s[0][3], s[1][3], s[2][3]
列混合
列混合计算过程较为复杂,总体为正矩阵左乘输入矩阵
def __mix_columns(self, s):
'''
加密——列混合
:param s: 需要加密的 4*4 矩阵
:return: None
'''
for i in range(4):
self.__mix_single_row(s[i])
def __mix_single_row(self, a):
'''
混合单行
:param a: 输入 1*4 的向量
:return: None
'''
t = a[0] ^ a[1] ^ a[2] ^ a[3]
u = a[0]
a[0] ^= t ^ xtime(a[0] ^ a[1]) # xtime为定义的位运算
a[1] ^= t ^ xtime(a[1] ^ a[2])
a[2] ^= t ^ xtime(a[2] ^ a[3])
a[3] ^= t ^ xtime(a[3] ^ u)
轮密钥加
轮密钥加过程与初始变换类似,将矩阵与各轮密钥进行按位异或
def __add_round_key(self, s, k):
'''
轮密钥加,使用密钥对数据进行按位异或
:param s: 需要加密的 4*4 矩阵
:param k: 密钥 4*4 矩阵
:return: None
'''
for i in range(4):
for j in range(4):
s[i][j] ^= k[i][j]
完整源码
主调用函数
aes.py
# 加密时用的S盒
Sbox = (
0x63, 0x7C, 0x77, 0x7B, 0xF2, 0x6B, 0x6F, 0xC5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2B, 0xFE, 0xD7, 0xAB, 0x76,
0xCA, 0x82, 0xC9, 0x7D, 0xFA, 0x59, 0x47, 0xF0, 0xAD, 0xD4, 0xA2, 0xAF, 0x9C, 0xA4, 0x72, 0xC0,
0xB7, 0xFD, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3F, 0xF7, 0xCC, 0x34, 0xA5, 0xE5, 0xF1, 0x71, 0xD8, 0x31, 0x15,
0x04, 0xC7, 0x23, 0xC3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9A, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xE2, 0xEB, 0x27, 0xB2, 0x75,
0x09, 0x83, 0x2C, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x6E, 0x5A, 0xA0, 0x52, 0x3B, 0xD6, 0xB3, 0x29, 0xE3, 0x2F, 0x84,
0x53, 0xD1, 0x00, 0xED, 0x20, 0xFC, 0xB1, 0x5B, 0x6A, 0xCB, 0xBE, 0x39, 0x4A, 0x4C, 0x58, 0xCF,
0xD0, 0xEF, 0xAA, 0xFB, 0x43, 0x4D, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xF9, 0x02, 0x7F, 0x50, 0x3C, 0x9F, 0xA8,
0x51, 0xA3, 0x40, 0x8F, 0x92, 0x9D, 0x38, 0xF5, 0xBC, 0xB6, 0xDA, 0x21, 0x10, 0xFF, 0xF3, 0xD2,
0xCD, 0x0C, 0x13, 0xEC, 0x5F, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xC4, 0xA7, 0x7E, 0x3D, 0x64, 0x5D, 0x19, 0x73,
0x60, 0x81, 0x4F, 0xDC, 0x22, 0x2A, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xEE, 0xB8, 0x14, 0xDE, 0x5E, 0x0B, 0xDB,
0xE0, 0x32, 0x3A, 0x0A, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5C, 0xC2, 0xD3, 0xAC, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xE4, 0x79,
0xE7, 0xC8, 0x37, 0x6D, 0x8D, 0xD5, 0x4E, 0xA9, 0x6C, 0x56, 0xF4, 0xEA, 0x65, 0x7A, 0xAE, 0x08,
0xBA, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2E, 0x1C, 0xA6, 0xB4, 0xC6, 0xE8, 0xDD, 0x74, 0x1F, 0x4B, 0xBD, 0x8B, 0x8A,
0x70, 0x3E, 0xB5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xF6, 0x0E, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xB9, 0x86, 0xC1, 0x1D, 0x9E,
0xE1, 0xF8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xD9, 0x8E, 0x94, 0x9B, 0x1E, 0x87, 0xE9, 0xCE, 0x55, 0x28, 0xDF,
0x8C, 0xA1, 0x89, 0x0D, 0xBF, 0xE6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2D, 0x0F, 0xB0, 0x54, 0xBB, 0x16,
)
# 解密时用的S盒
InvSbox = (
0x52, 0x09, 0x6A, 0xD5, 0x30, 0x36, 0xA5, 0x38, 0xBF, 0x40, 0xA3, 0x9E, 0x81, 0xF3, 0xD7, 0xFB,
0x7C, 0xE3, 0x39, 0x82, 0x9B, 0x2F, 0xFF, 0x87, 0x34, 0x8E, 0x43, 0x44, 0xC4, 0xDE, 0xE9, 0xCB,
0x54, 0x7B, 0x94, 0x32, 0xA6, 0xC2, 0x23, 0x3D, 0xEE, 0x4C, 0x95, 0x0B, 0x42, 0xFA, 0xC3, 0x4E,
0x08, 0x2E, 0xA1, 0x66, 0x28, 0xD9, 0x24, 0xB2, 0x76, 0x5B, 0xA2, 0x49, 0x6D, 0x8B, 0xD1, 0x25,
0x72, 0xF8, 0xF6, 0x64, 0x86, 0x68, 0x98, 0x16, 0xD4, 0xA4, 0x5C, 0xCC, 0x5D, 0x65, 0xB6, 0x92,
0x6C, 0x70, 0x48, 0x50, 0xFD, 0xED, 0xB9, 0xDA, 0x5E, 0x15, 0x46, 0x57, 0xA7, 0x8D, 0x9D, 0x84,
0x90, 0xD8, 0xAB, 0x00, 0x8C, 0xBC, 0xD3, 0x0A, 0xF7, 0xE4, 0x58, 0x05, 0xB8, 0xB3, 0x45, 0x06,
0xD0, 0x2C, 0x1E, 0x8F, 0xCA, 0x3F, 0x0F, 0x02, 0xC1, 0xAF, 0xBD, 0x03, 0x01, 0x13, 0x8A, 0x6B,
0x3A, 0x91, 0x11, 0x41, 0x4F, 0x67, 0xDC, 0xEA, 0x97, 0xF2, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0xF0, 0xB4, 0xE6, 0x73,
0x96, 0xAC, 0x74, 0x22, 0xE7, 0xAD, 0x35, 0x85, 0xE2, 0xF9, 0x37, 0xE8, 0x1C, 0x75, 0xDF, 0x6E,
0x47, 0xF1, 0x1A, 0x71, 0x1D, 0x29, 0xC5, 0x89, 0x6F, 0xB7, 0x62, 0x0E, 0xAA, 0x18, 0xBE, 0x1B,
0xFC, 0x56, 0x3E, 0x4B, 0xC6, 0xD2, 0x79, 0x20, 0x9A, 0xDB, 0xC0, 0xFE, 0x78, 0xCD, 0x5A, 0xF4,
0x1F, 0xDD, 0xA8, 0x33, 0x88, 0x07, 0xC7, 0x31, 0xB1, 0x12, 0x10, 0x59, 0x27, 0x80, 0xEC, 0x5F,
0x60, 0x51, 0x7F, 0xA9, 0x19, 0xB5, 0x4A, 0x0D, 0x2D, 0xE5, 0x7A, 0x9F, 0x93, 0xC9, 0x9C, 0xEF,
0xA0, 0xE0, 0x3B, 0x4D, 0xAE, 0x2A, 0xF5, 0xB0, 0xC8, 0xEB, 0xBB, 0x3C, 0x83, 0x53, 0x99, 0x61,
0x17, 0x2B, 0x04, 0x7E, 0xBA, 0x77, 0xD6, 0x26, 0xE1, 0x69, 0x14, 0x63, 0x55, 0x21, 0x0C, 0x7D,
)
# learnt from http://cs.ucsb.edu/~koc/cs178/projects/JT/aes.c
xtime = lambda a: (((a << 1) ^ 0x1B) & 0xFF) if (a & 0x80) else (a << 1)
# 用于轮密钥的产生
Rcon = (
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40,
0x80, 0x1B, 0x36, 0x6C, 0xD8, 0xAB, 0x4D, 0x9A,
0x2F, 0x5E, 0xBC, 0x63, 0xC6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6A,
0xD4, 0xB3, 0x7D, 0xFA, 0xEF, 0xC5, 0x91, 0x39,
)
def text2matrix(text):
matrix = []
for i in range(16):
byte = (text >> (8 * (15 - i))) & 0xFF
if i % 4 == 0:
matrix.append([byte])
else:
matrix[i // 4].append(byte)
return matrix
# 1*16行向量转换为4*4矩阵
def matrix2text(matrix):
text = 0
for i in range(4):
for j in range(4):
text |= (matrix[i][j] << (120 - 8 * (4 * i + j)))
return text
class AES:
def __init__(self, master_key):
self.change_key(master_key)
# 密钥拓展
def change_key(self, master_key):
self.round_keys = text2matrix(master_key)
# print self.round_keys
for i in range(4, 4 * 11):
self.round_keys.append([])
if i % 4 == 0:
byte = self.round_keys[i - 4][0] \
^ Sbox[self.round_keys[i - 1][1]] \
^ Rcon[i // 4]
self.round_keys[i].append(byte)
for j in range(1, 4):
byte = self.round_keys[i - 4][j] \
^ Sbox[self.round_keys[i - 1][(j + 1) % 4]]
self.round_keys[i].append(byte)
else:
for j in range(4):
byte = self.round_keys[i - 4][j] \
^ self.round_keys[i - 1][j]
self.round_keys[i].append(byte)
# print self.round_keys
def encrypt(self, plaintext):
self.plain_state = text2matrix(plaintext)
self.__add_round_key(self.plain_state, self.round_keys[:4])
for i in range(1, 10):
self.__round_encrypt(self.plain_state, self.round_keys[4 * i : 4 * (i + 1)])
self.__sub_bytes(self.plain_state)
self.__shift_rows(self.plain_state)
self.__add_round_key(self.plain_state, self.round_keys[40:])
return matrix2text(self.plain_state)
def decrypt(self, ciphertext):
self.cipher_state = text2matrix(ciphertext)
self.__add_round_key(self.cipher_state, self.round_keys[40:])
self.__inv_shift_rows(self.cipher_state)
self.__inv_sub_bytes(self.cipher_state)
for i in range(9, 0, -1):
self.__round_decrypt(self.cipher_state, self.round_keys[4 * i : 4 * (i + 1)])
self.__add_round_key(self.cipher_state, self.round_keys[:4])
return matrix2text(self.cipher_state)
# 轮密钥加,使用密钥对数据进行按位异或
def __add_round_key(self, s, k):
for i in range(4):
for j in range(4):
s[i][j] ^= k[i][j]
def __round_encrypt(self, state_matrix, key_matrix):
self.__sub_bytes(state_matrix)
self.__shift_rows(state_matrix)
self.__mix_columns(state_matrix)
self.__add_round_key(state_matrix, key_matrix)
def __round_decrypt(self, state_matrix, key_matrix):
self.__add_round_key(state_matrix, key_matrix)
self.__inv_mix_columns(state_matrix)
self.__inv_shift_rows(state_matrix)
self.__inv_sub_bytes(state_matrix)
# 加密——字节代换,将每个字中两个字节视作S-Box表中的位置坐标进行映射
def __sub_bytes(self, s):
for i in range(4):
for j in range(4):
s[i][j] = Sbox[s[i][j]]
# 解密——字节代换,将每个字中两个字节视作InvS-Box表中的位置坐标进行映射
def __inv_sub_bytes(self, s):
for i in range(4):
for j in range(4):
s[i][j] = InvSbox[s[i][j]]
# 加密——行移位,将矩阵中每行元素循环左移一位
def __shift_rows(self, s):
s[0][1], s[1][1], s[2][1], s[3][1] = s[1][1], s[2][1], s[3][1], s[0][1]
s[0][2], s[1][2], s[2][2], s[3][2] = s[2][2], s[3][2], s[0][2], s[1][2]
s[0][3], s[1][3], s[2][3], s[3][3] = s[3][3], s[0][3], s[1][3], s[2][3]
# 解密——行移位,将矩阵中每行元素循环右移一位
def __inv_shift_rows(self, s):
s[0][1], s[1][1], s[2][1], s[3][1] = s[3][1], s[0][1], s[1][1], s[2][1]
s[0][2], s[1][2], s[2][2], s[3][2] = s[2][2], s[3][2], s[0][2], s[1][2]
s[0][3], s[1][3], s[2][3], s[3][3] = s[1][3], s[2][3], s[3][3], s[0][3]
# 加密——列混合
def __mix_columns(self, s):
for i in range(4):
self.__mix_single_column(s[i])
def __mix_single_column(self, a):
# please see Sec 4.1.2 in The Design of Rijndael
t = a[0] ^ a[1] ^ a[2] ^ a[3]
u = a[0]
a[0] ^= t ^ xtime(a[0] ^ a[1]) # xtime为定义的位运算
a[1] ^= t ^ xtime(a[1] ^ a[2])
a[2] ^= t ^ xtime(a[2] ^ a[3])
a[3] ^= t ^ xtime(a[3] ^ u)
# 解密——列混合
def __inv_mix_columns(self, s):
# see Sec 4.1.3 in The Design of Rijndael
for i in range(4):
u = xtime(xtime(s[i][0] ^ s[i][2]))
v = xtime(xtime(s[i][1] ^ s[i][3]))
s[i][0] ^= u
s[i][1] ^= v
s[i][2] ^= u
s[i][3] ^= v
self.__mix_columns(s)
测试文件
Test.py
import unittest
from aes import AES
class AES_TEST(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
# 定义密钥
master_key = 0x2b7e151628aed2a6abf7158809cf4f3c
self.AES = AES(master_key)
def test_encryption(self):
plaintext = 0x3243f6a8885a308d313198a2e0370734
encrypted = self.AES.encrypt(plaintext)
print(f"AES加密\n明文:0x{plaintext:X}\n密文:0x{encrypted:X}")
self.assertEqual(encrypted, 0x3925841d02dc09fbdc118597196a0b32)
def test_decryption(self):
ciphertext = 0x3925841d02dc09fbdc118597196a0b32
decrypted = self.AES.decrypt(ciphertext)
print(f"AES加密\n密文:0x{ciphertext:X}\n明文:0x{decrypted:X}")
self.assertEqual(decrypted, 0x3243f6a8885a308d313198a2e0370734)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()