stm32g431rb的adc采样错误分析

cubemx配置如下，单通道采样，独立模式，连续转换

错误案例：

在main函数while循环之前用HAL_ADC_Start_IT(&hadc2);函数打开了adc2的接收中断，

在中断回调函数中

产生的错误结果：程序在这里堵死，调试模式中无法继续向下执行

调试模式下运行

adcvlue的值会实时反馈

adc的isr寄存器的值在0x0000000F与0x0000001F之间跳变，程序无法进行while循环

程序卡死在中断回调函数里面

查找说明手册

此位为数据丢失位，原因目前暂且未知，后面分析hal库函数的源码

先将代码修改成如此，

通过自定义状态标志位在while循环中来循环开启，以此跳出被卡死的中断回调。这样修改之后可以进行adc中断回调读取的正常流程了，但是原理部分仍未解决。下面来根据说明书分析hal库源码，以此视图找出根本错误原因。

首先

罪魁祸首HAL_ADC_Start_IT

由于这里使用的是连续转换模式，让我们先看一下连续转换模式究竟是什么

下面是源码

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_ADC_Start_IT(ADC_HandleTypeDef *hadc)
{
  HAL_StatusTypeDef tmp_hal_status;
#if defined(ADC_MULTIMODE_SUPPORT)
  const ADC_TypeDef *tmpADC_Master;
  uint32_t tmp_multimode_config = LL_ADC_GetMultimode(__LL_ADC_COMMON_INSTANCE(hadc->Instance));
#endif

  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_ADC_ALL_INSTANCE(hadc->Instance));

  /* Perform ADC enable and conversion start if no conversion is on going */
  if (LL_ADC_REG_IsConversionOngoing(hadc->Instance) == 0UL)
  {
    /* Process locked */
    __HAL_LOCK(hadc);

    /* Enable the ADC peripheral */
    tmp_hal_status = ADC_Enable(hadc);

    /* Start conversion if ADC is effectively enabled */
    if (tmp_hal_status == HAL_OK)
    {
      /* Set ADC state                                                        */
      /* - Clear state bitfield related to regular group conversion results   */
      /* - Set state bitfield related to regular operation                    */
      ADC_STATE_CLR_SET(hadc->State,
                        HAL_ADC_STATE_READY | HAL_ADC_STATE_REG_EOC | HAL_ADC_STATE_REG_OVR | HAL_ADC_STATE_REG_EOSMP,
                        HAL_ADC_STATE_REG_BUSY);

#if defined(ADC_MULTIMODE_SUPPORT)
      /* Reset HAL_ADC_STATE_MULTIMODE_SLAVE bit
        - if ADC instance is master or if multimode feature is not available
        - if multimode setting is disabled (ADC instance slave in independent mode) */
      if ((__LL_ADC_MULTI_INSTANCE_MASTER(hadc->Instance) == hadc->Instance)
          || (tmp_multimode_config == LL_ADC_MULTI_INDEPENDENT)
         )
      {
        CLEAR_BIT(hadc->State, HAL_ADC_STATE_MULTIMODE_SLAVE);
      }
#endif

      /* Set ADC error code */
      /* Check if a conversion is on going on ADC group injected */
      if ((hadc->State & HAL_ADC_STATE_INJ_BUSY) != 0UL)
      {
        /* Reset ADC error code fields related to regular conversions only */
        CLEAR_BIT(hadc->ErrorCode, (HAL_ADC_ERROR_OVR | HAL_ADC_ERROR_DMA));
      }
      else
      {
        /* Reset all ADC error code fields */
        ADC_CLEAR_ERRORCODE(hadc);
      }

      /* Clear ADC group regular conversion flag and overrun flag               */
      /* (To ensure of no unknown state from potential previous ADC operations) */
      __HAL_ADC_CLEAR_FLAG(hadc, (ADC_FLAG_EOC | ADC_FLAG_EOS | ADC_FLAG_OVR));

      /* Process unlocked */
      /* Unlock before starting ADC conversions: in case of potential         */
      /* interruption, to let the process to ADC IRQ Handler.                 */
      __HAL_UNLOCK(hadc);

      /* Disable all interruptions before enabling the desired ones */
      __HAL_ADC_DISABLE_IT(hadc, (ADC_IT_EOC | ADC_IT_EOS | ADC_IT_OVR));

      /* Enable ADC end of conversion interrupt */
      switch (hadc->Init.EOCSelection)
      {
        case ADC_EOC_SEQ_CONV:
          __HAL_ADC_ENABLE_IT(hadc, ADC_IT_EOS);
          break;
        /* case ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV */
        default:
          __HAL_ADC_ENABLE_IT(hadc, ADC_IT_EOC);
          break;
      }

      /* Enable ADC overrun interrupt */
      /* If hadc->Init.Overrun is set to ADC_OVR_DATA_PRESERVED, only then is
         ADC_IT_OVR enabled; otherwise data overwrite is considered as normal
         behavior and no CPU time is lost for a non-processed interruption */
      if (hadc->Init.Overrun == ADC_OVR_DATA_PRESERVED)
      {
        __HAL_ADC_ENABLE_IT(hadc, ADC_IT_OVR);
      }

      /* Enable conversion of regular group.                                  */
      /* If software start has been selected, conversion starts immediately.  */
      /* If external trigger has been selected, conversion will start at next */
      /* trigger event.                                                       */
      /* Case of multimode enabled (when multimode feature is available):     */
      /*  - if ADC is slave and dual regular conversions are enabled, ADC is  */
      /*    enabled only (conversion is not started),                         */
      /*  - if ADC is master, ADC is enabled and conversion is started.       */
#if defined(ADC_MULTIMODE_SUPPORT)
      if ((__LL_ADC_MULTI_INSTANCE_MASTER(hadc->Instance) == hadc->Instance)
          || (tmp_multimode_config == LL_ADC_MULTI_INDEPENDENT)
          || (tmp_multimode_config == LL_ADC_MULTI_DUAL_INJ_SIMULT)
          || (tmp_multimode_config == LL_ADC_MULTI_DUAL_INJ_ALTERN)
         )
      {
        /* ADC instance is not a multimode slave instance with multimode regular conversions enabled */
        if (READ_BIT(hadc->Instance->CFGR, ADC_CFGR_JAUTO) != 0UL)
        {
          ADC_STATE_CLR_SET(hadc->State, HAL_ADC_STATE_INJ_EOC, HAL_ADC_STATE_INJ_BUSY);

          /* Enable as well injected interruptions in case
           HAL_ADCEx_InjectedStart_IT() has not been called beforehand. This
           allows to start regular and injected conversions when JAUTO is
           set with a single call to HAL_ADC_Start_IT() */
          switch (hadc->Init.EOCSelection)
          {
            case ADC_EOC_SEQ_CONV:
              __HAL_ADC_DISABLE_IT(hadc, ADC_IT_JEOC);
              __HAL_ADC_ENABLE_IT(hadc, ADC_IT_JEOS);
              break;
            /* case ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV */
            default:
              __HAL_ADC_DISABLE_IT(hadc, ADC_IT_JEOS);
              __HAL_ADC_ENABLE_IT(hadc, ADC_IT_JEOC);
              break;
          }
        }

        /* Start ADC group regular conversion */
        LL_ADC_REG_StartConversion(hadc->Instance);
      }
      else
      {
        /* ADC instance is a multimode slave instance with multimode regular conversions enabled */
        SET_BIT(hadc->State, HAL_ADC_STATE_MULTIMODE_SLAVE);
        /* if Master ADC JAUTO bit is set, Slave injected interruptions
           are enabled nevertheless (for same reason as above) */
        tmpADC_Master = __LL_ADC_MULTI_INSTANCE_MASTER(hadc->Instance);
        if (READ_BIT(tmpADC_Master->CFGR, ADC_CFGR_JAUTO) != 0UL)
        {
          /* First, update Slave State in setting HAL_ADC_STATE_INJ_BUSY bit
             and in resetting HAL_ADC_STATE_INJ_EOC bit */
          ADC_STATE_CLR_SET(hadc->State, HAL_ADC_STATE_INJ_EOC, HAL_ADC_STATE_INJ_BUSY);
          /* Next, set Slave injected interruptions */
          switch (hadc->Init.EOCSelection)
          {
            case ADC_EOC_SEQ_CONV:
              __HAL_ADC_DISABLE_IT(hadc, ADC_IT_JEOC);
              __HAL_ADC_ENABLE_IT(hadc, ADC_IT_JEOS);
              break;
            /* case ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV */
            default:
              __HAL_ADC_DISABLE_IT(hadc, ADC_IT_JEOS);
              __HAL_ADC_ENABLE_IT(hadc, ADC_IT_JEOC);
              break;
          }
        }
      }
#else
      /* ADC instance is not a multimode slave instance with multimode regular conversions enabled */
      if (READ_BIT(hadc->Instance->CFGR, ADC_CFGR_JAUTO) != 0UL)
      {
        ADC_STATE_CLR_SET(hadc->State, HAL_ADC_STATE_INJ_EOC, HAL_ADC_STATE_INJ_BUSY);

        /* Enable as well injected interruptions in case
         HAL_ADCEx_InjectedStart_IT() has not been called beforehand. This
         allows to start regular and injected conversions when JAUTO is
         set with a single call to HAL_ADC_Start_IT() */
        switch (hadc->Init.EOCSelection)
        {
          case ADC_EOC_SEQ_CONV:
            __HAL_ADC_DISABLE_IT(hadc, ADC_IT_JEOC);
            __HAL_ADC_ENABLE_IT(hadc, ADC_IT_JEOS);
            break;
          /* case ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV */
          default:
            __HAL_ADC_DISABLE_IT(hadc, ADC_IT_JEOS);
            __HAL_ADC_ENABLE_IT(hadc, ADC_IT_JEOC);
            break;
        }
      }

      /* Start ADC group regular conversion */
      LL_ADC_REG_StartConversion(hadc->Instance);
#endif
    }
    else
    {
      /* Process unlocked */
      __HAL_UNLOCK(hadc);
    }

  }
  else
  {
    tmp_hal_status = HAL_BUSY;
  }

  /* Return function status */
  return tmp_hal_status;
}

这个函数有很多对于hal库状态的维护，我们不用全看，它开启了哪些中断

eos中断或者eoc中断，而导致我们程序卡死的是ovr中断（前面提到的isr寄存器跳变）

这就清楚了，我们的adc采样过载了。

那么，下一个问题，有什么原因会导致adc采样过载呢

网上很少找到资源，来问问gpt

都是围绕着几点，采样过快或者超出了电压

那来让我们延长采样的时间吧

最后，采样可以正常进行。读取正常

得到结论：当我们在main函数调用hal_adc_start_it后，在adc的中断回调中直接读取就可以，hal库的处理流程并不会帮我们关闭这个中断，而过载会导致ovr标志位一直被置1，这样就会一直进入中断，导致程序卡死

大家要合理选取采样时间哦