RT-Thread系列--内存堆MEMHEAP源码分析

一、目的

在上一篇《RT-Thread系列--内存池MEMPOOL源码分析》我们介绍了RT-Thread的内存池MEMPOOL实现细节,包括内存池结构和内存块管理。

本篇我们来分析一下RT-Thread的内存堆MEMHEAP的实现原理。

内存堆MEMHEAP的特点:

  • 按需分配,需要多少内存就分配多少内存(存在最小内存块限制);

  • 内存回收时一般会进行头部和尾部拼接,尽量减少内存碎片

  • 内存容易碎片化

  • 实现较为复杂

  • 支持多内存堆

在实际应用中我们可以创建多个MEMHEAP,例如memheap A的内存是noncached的,memheap B的内存是DMA属性类型的。

二、介绍

在分析实现原理之前,我们首先分析一下MEMHEAP两个重要的数据结构,分别为:

  • struct rt_memheap

  • struct rt_memheap_item

struct rt_memheap
{
    struct rt_object        parent;                     /**< inherit from rt_object */

    void                   *start_addr;                 /**< pool start address and size */

    rt_size_t               pool_size;                  /**< pool size */
    rt_size_t               available_size;             /**< available size */
    rt_size_t               max_used_size;              /**< maximum allocated size */

    struct rt_memheap_item *block_list;                 /**< used block list */

    struct rt_memheap_item *free_list;                  /**< free block list */
    struct rt_memheap_item  free_header;                /**< free block list header */

    struct rt_semaphore     lock;                       /**< semaphore lock */
    rt_bool_t               locked;                     /**< External lock mark */
};

各个字段的含义:

parent:每个memheap对象都是一个struct rt_object类型的对象(基类),通过parent字段可以将memheap统一管理;

start_addr:当前内存堆所管理的整个内存的首地址

pool_size:当前内存堆所管理的整个内存的大小

available_size:可分配的内存大小

max_used_size:已经使用的内存大小

block_list:指向当前已使用内存块

free_list:指向当前未使用内存块

free_header:空闲内存块的链表头

lock:互斥锁

locked:是否已经上锁


内存堆虽然是按需分配,但是每块分配出来的内存都需要一个数据结构用于管理此内存块;实际每次分配占用的内存大小为:所需内存大小(对齐)+内存块头部结构(对齐)两者之和。

struct rt_memheap_item
{
    rt_uint32_t             magic;                      /**< magic number for memheap */
    struct rt_memheap      *pool_ptr;                   /**< point of pool */

    struct rt_memheap_item *next;                       /**< next memheap item */
    struct rt_memheap_item *prev;                       /**< prev memheap item */

    struct rt_memheap_item *next_free;                  /**< next free memheap item */
    struct rt_memheap_item *prev_free;                  /**< prev free memheap item */
#ifdef RT_USING_MEMTRACE
    rt_uint8_t              owner_thread_name[4];       /**< owner thread name */
#endif
};

各字段含义:

magic:用于标记此块内存是内存块首部

pool_ptr:指向此内存块从属的堆对象

next:指向下一个memheap item

prev:指向上一个memheap item

next_free:指向下一个空闲内存块

prev_free:指向上一次空闲内存块

通过next/prev指针将已经分配的内存块连接成链表;通过next_free/prev_free指针将未分配的内存连接成空闲内存链表


宏定义说明

#define RT_MEMHEAP_MINIALLOC    12

#define RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE         RT_ALIGN(sizeof(struct rt_memheap_item), RT_ALIGN_SIZE)
#define MEMITEM_SIZE(item)      ((rt_ubase_t)item->next - (rt_ubase_t)item - RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE)
#define MEMITEM(ptr)            (struct rt_memheap_item*)((rt_uint8_t*)ptr - RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE)

RT_MEMHEAP_MINIALLOC定义最小的内存分配大小

RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE定义每个内存块管理结构的大小(对齐)

MEMITEM_SIZE(item)获取当前内存块管理的内存大小

MEMITEM(ptr) 通过ptr获取当前内存块头的地址


内存堆的初始化,内存堆在分配之前必须对此内存堆管理的内存进行初始化,主要包括空闲链表的初始化、各个指针的初始化等

rt_err_t rt_memheap_init(struct rt_memheap *memheap,
                         const char        *name,
                         void              *start_addr,
                         rt_size_t         size)
{
    struct rt_memheap_item *item;

    RT_ASSERT(memheap != RT_NULL);

    /* initialize pool object */
    rt_object_init(&(memheap->parent), RT_Object_Class_MemHeap, name);

    memheap->start_addr     = start_addr;                                //内存首地址
    memheap->pool_size      = RT_ALIGN_DOWN(size, RT_ALIGN_SIZE);        //对齐
    // 此处减去(2 * RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE)的目的是第一个空闲块需要一个头部,最后一个内存块(实际内存长度为0)也需要一个管理头部
    memheap->available_size = memheap->pool_size - (2 * RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE); 
    memheap->max_used_size  = memheap->pool_size - memheap->available_size;

    // 对free_header进行初始化
    // next_free/prev_free指向自身
    // prev/next指向NULL
    /* initialize the free list header */
    item            = &(memheap->free_header);
    item->magic     = (RT_MEMHEAP_MAGIC | RT_MEMHEAP_FREED);
    item->pool_ptr  = memheap;
    item->next      = RT_NULL;
    item->prev      = RT_NULL;
    item->next_free = item;
    item->prev_free = item;

    /* set the free list to free list header */
    memheap->free_list = item;

    /* initialize the first big memory block */
    item            = (struct rt_memheap_item *)start_addr;  //指向内存首地址
    item->magic     = (RT_MEMHEAP_MAGIC | RT_MEMHEAP_FREED);
    item->pool_ptr  = memheap;
    item->next      = RT_NULL;
    item->prev      = RT_NULL;
    item->next_free = item;
    item->prev_free = item;

#ifdef RT_USING_MEMTRACE
    rt_memset(item->owner_thread_name, ' ', sizeof(item->owner_thread_name));
#endif /* RT_USING_MEMTRACE */

    item->next = (struct rt_memheap_item *)
                 ((rt_uint8_t *)item + memheap->available_size + RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE); //指向最后一个内存块
    item->prev = item->next; //指向最后一个内存块

    /* block list header */
    memheap->block_list = item;

    /* place the big memory block to free list */
    item->next_free = memheap->free_list->next_free;
    item->prev_free = memheap->free_list;
    memheap->free_list->next_free->prev_free = item;
    memheap->free_list->next_free            = item;

    /* move to the end of memory pool to build a small tailer block,
     * which prevents block merging
     */
    item = item->next;
    /* it's a used memory block */
    item->magic     = (RT_MEMHEAP_MAGIC | RT_MEMHEAP_USED);
    item->pool_ptr  = memheap;
    item->next      = (struct rt_memheap_item *)start_addr;
    item->prev      = (struct rt_memheap_item *)start_addr;
    /* not in free list */
    item->next_free = item->prev_free = RT_NULL;

    /* initialize semaphore lock */
    rt_sem_init(&(memheap->lock), name, 1, RT_IPC_FLAG_PRIO);
    memheap->locked = RT_FALSE;

    RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP,
                 ("memory heap: start addr 0x%08x, size %d, free list header 0x%08x\n",
                  start_addr, size, &(memheap->free_header)));

    return RT_EOK;
}

初始化后内存堆内部结构如下图


从上图我们可以清晰看到,内存堆中最大的可分配的内存块为蓝色的块结构A管理的内存(内存状态为RT_MEMHEAP_FREED),大小为available_size;

其next/prev指向黄色内存块B(内存状态为RT_MEMHEAP_USED);并且rt_memheap_item B的next/prev也指向内存块A;

其next_free/prev_free指向rt_memheap_item C块结构,也就是free_header;并且free_header的next_free/prev_free也指向内存块A


内存的分配

void *rt_memheap_alloc(struct rt_memheap *heap, rt_size_t size)
{
    rt_err_t result;
    rt_size_t free_size;
    struct rt_memheap_item *header_ptr;

    RT_ASSERT(heap != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(rt_object_get_type(&heap->parent) == RT_Object_Class_MemHeap);

    // 最小内存块大小判断
    /* align allocated size */
    size = RT_ALIGN(size, RT_ALIGN_SIZE);
    if (size < RT_MEMHEAP_MINIALLOC)
        size = RT_MEMHEAP_MINIALLOC;

    RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP, ("allocate %d on heap:%8.*s",
                                    size, RT_NAME_MAX, heap->parent.name));

    if (size < heap->available_size)
    {
        /* search on free list */
        free_size = 0;

        /* lock memheap */
        if (heap->locked == RT_FALSE)
        {
            result = rt_sem_take(&(heap->lock), RT_WAITING_FOREVER);
            if (result != RT_EOK)
            {
                rt_set_errno(result);

                return RT_NULL;
            }
        }

        /* get the first free memory block */
        header_ptr = heap->free_list->next_free;
        while (header_ptr != heap->free_list && free_size < size)
        {
            /* get current freed memory block size */
            free_size = MEMITEM_SIZE(header_ptr);
            if (free_size < size)
            {
                /* move to next free memory block */
                header_ptr = header_ptr->next_free;
            }
        }

        /* determine if the memory is available. */
        if (free_size >= size)
        {
            /* a block that satisfies the request has been found. */

            /* determine if the block needs to be split. */
            if (free_size >= (size + RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE + RT_MEMHEAP_MINIALLOC))
            {
                struct rt_memheap_item *new_ptr;

                /* split the block. */
                new_ptr = (struct rt_memheap_item *)
                          (((rt_uint8_t *)header_ptr) + size + RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE);

                RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP,
                             ("split: block[0x%08x] nextm[0x%08x] prevm[0x%08x] to new[0x%08x]\n",
                              header_ptr,
                              header_ptr->next,
                              header_ptr->prev,
                              new_ptr));

                /* mark the new block as a memory block and freed. */
                new_ptr->magic = (RT_MEMHEAP_MAGIC | RT_MEMHEAP_FREED);

                /* put the pool pointer into the new block. */
                new_ptr->pool_ptr = heap;

#ifdef RT_USING_MEMTRACE
                rt_memset(new_ptr->owner_thread_name, ' ', sizeof(new_ptr->owner_thread_name));
#endif /* RT_USING_MEMTRACE */

                /* break down the block list */
                new_ptr->prev          = header_ptr;
                new_ptr->next          = header_ptr->next;
                header_ptr->next->prev = new_ptr;
                header_ptr->next       = new_ptr;

                /* remove header ptr from free list */
                header_ptr->next_free->prev_free = header_ptr->prev_free;
                header_ptr->prev_free->next_free = header_ptr->next_free;
                header_ptr->next_free = RT_NULL;
                header_ptr->prev_free = RT_NULL;

                /* insert new_ptr to free list */
                new_ptr->next_free = heap->free_list->next_free;
                new_ptr->prev_free = heap->free_list;
                heap->free_list->next_free->prev_free = new_ptr;
                heap->free_list->next_free            = new_ptr;
                RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP, ("new ptr: next_free 0x%08x, prev_free 0x%08x\n",
                                                new_ptr->next_free,
                                                new_ptr->prev_free));

                /* decrement the available byte count.  */
                heap->available_size = heap->available_size -
                                       size -
                                       RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE;
                if (heap->pool_size - heap->available_size > heap->max_used_size)
                    heap->max_used_size = heap->pool_size - heap->available_size;
            }
            else
            {
                /* decrement the entire free size from the available bytes count. */
                heap->available_size = heap->available_size - free_size;
                if (heap->pool_size - heap->available_size > heap->max_used_size)
                    heap->max_used_size = heap->pool_size - heap->available_size;

                /* remove header_ptr from free list */
                RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP,
                             ("one block: block[0x%08x], next_free 0x%08x, prev_free 0x%08x\n",
                              header_ptr,
                              header_ptr->next_free,
                              header_ptr->prev_free));

                header_ptr->next_free->prev_free = header_ptr->prev_free;
                header_ptr->prev_free->next_free = header_ptr->next_free;
                header_ptr->next_free = RT_NULL;
                header_ptr->prev_free = RT_NULL;
            }

            /* Mark the allocated block as not available. */
            header_ptr->magic = (RT_MEMHEAP_MAGIC | RT_MEMHEAP_USED);

#ifdef RT_USING_MEMTRACE
            if (rt_thread_self())
                rt_memcpy(header_ptr->owner_thread_name, rt_thread_self()->name, sizeof(header_ptr->owner_thread_name));
            else
                rt_memcpy(header_ptr->owner_thread_name, "NONE", sizeof(header_ptr->owner_thread_name));
#endif /* RT_USING_MEMTRACE */

            if (heap->locked == RT_FALSE)
            {
                /* release lock */
                rt_sem_release(&(heap->lock));
            }

            /* Return a memory address to the caller.  */
            RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP,
                         ("alloc mem: memory[0x%08x], heap[0x%08x], size: %d\n",
                          (void *)((rt_uint8_t *)header_ptr + RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE),
                          header_ptr,
                          size));

            return (void *)((rt_uint8_t *)header_ptr + RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE);
        }

        if (heap->locked == RT_FALSE)
        {
            /* release lock */
            rt_sem_release(&(heap->lock));
        }
    }

    RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP, ("allocate memory: failed\n"));

    /* Return the completion status.  */
    return RT_NULL;
}

首先对需要的内存的size进行大小限定,然后判断是否小于heap->available_size;否则直接返回NULL

    /* get the first free memory block */
        header_ptr = heap->free_list->next_free;
        while (header_ptr != heap->free_list && free_size < size)
        {
            /* get current freed memory block size */
            free_size = MEMITEM_SIZE(header_ptr);
            if (free_size < size)
            {
                /* move to next free memory block */
                header_ptr = header_ptr->next_free;
            }
        }

获取空闲内存块的首地址,然后遍历空闲内存块,找到空闲内存块大小不小于size的内存块的地址(注意此处从头往后找,只要找到大小足够大的内存块就认为找到,但未必是大小相匹配的,所以存在内存碎片的问题)。

if (free_size >= (size + RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE + RT_MEMHEAP_MINIALLOC)) {
} else {
}

判断当前空闲块的内存减去size后是否仍然足够放下最小内存块(RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE + RT_MEMHEAP_MINIALLOC),如果足够则需要对此块内存进行切割;否则直接将这块内存分配出来。

下面我们分析一下切割操作:

                struct rt_memheap_item *new_ptr;

                /* split the block. */
                new_ptr = (struct rt_memheap_item *)
                          (((rt_uint8_t *)header_ptr) + size + RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE);

                RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP,
                             ("split: block[0x%08x] nextm[0x%08x] prevm[0x%08x] to new[0x%08x]\n",
                              header_ptr,
                              header_ptr->next,
                              header_ptr->prev,
                              new_ptr));

                /* mark the new block as a memory block and freed. */
                new_ptr->magic = (RT_MEMHEAP_MAGIC | RT_MEMHEAP_FREED);

                /* put the pool pointer into the new block. */
                new_ptr->pool_ptr = heap;

#ifdef RT_USING_MEMTRACE
                rt_memset(new_ptr->owner_thread_name, ' ', sizeof(new_ptr->owner_thread_name));
#endif /* RT_USING_MEMTRACE */

                /* break down the block list */
                new_ptr->prev          = header_ptr;
                new_ptr->next          = header_ptr->next;
                header_ptr->next->prev = new_ptr;
                header_ptr->next       = new_ptr;

                /* remove header ptr from free list */
                header_ptr->next_free->prev_free = header_ptr->prev_free;
                header_ptr->prev_free->next_free = header_ptr->next_free;
                header_ptr->next_free = RT_NULL;
                header_ptr->prev_free = RT_NULL;

                /* insert new_ptr to free list */
                new_ptr->next_free = heap->free_list->next_free;
                new_ptr->prev_free = heap->free_list;
                heap->free_list->next_free->prev_free = new_ptr;
                heap->free_list->next_free            = new_ptr;
                RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP, ("new ptr: next_free 0x%08x, prev_free 0x%08x\n",
                                                new_ptr->next_free,
                                                new_ptr->prev_free));

                /* decrement the available byte count.  */
                heap->available_size = heap->available_size -
                                       size -
                                       RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE;
                if (heap->pool_size - heap->available_size > heap->max_used_size)
                    heap->max_used_size = heap->pool_size - heap->available_size;

获取切割后剩余块的首地址并设置内存状态为RT_MEMHEAP_FREED

new_ptr = (struct rt_memheap_item *)
                          (((rt_uint8_t *)header_ptr) + size + RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE);
                /* mark the new block as a memory block and freed. */
                new_ptr->magic = (RT_MEMHEAP_MAGIC | RT_MEMHEAP_FREED);

                /* put the pool pointer into the new block. */
                new_ptr->pool_ptr = heap;

切割后new_ptr是新的空闲内存块,需要挂载到空闲链表中

 /* break down the block list */
                new_ptr->prev          = header_ptr;
                new_ptr->next          = header_ptr->next;
                header_ptr->next->prev = new_ptr;
                header_ptr->next       = new_ptr;

                /* remove header ptr from free list */
                header_ptr->next_free->prev_free = header_ptr->prev_free;
                header_ptr->prev_free->next_free = header_ptr->next_free;
                header_ptr->next_free = RT_NULL;
                header_ptr->prev_free = RT_NULL;

                /* insert new_ptr to free list */
                new_ptr->next_free = heap->free_list->next_free;
                new_ptr->prev_free = heap->free_list;
                heap->free_list->next_free->prev_free = new_ptr;
                heap->free_list->next_free            = new_ptr;

内存分配后的数据结构如下


最后我们再来分析一下rt_memheap_free的实现

void rt_memheap_free(void *ptr)
{
    rt_err_t result;
    struct rt_memheap *heap;
    struct rt_memheap_item *header_ptr, *new_ptr;
    rt_bool_t insert_header;

    /* NULL check */
    if (ptr == RT_NULL) return;

    /* set initial status as OK */
    insert_header = RT_TRUE;
    new_ptr       = RT_NULL;
    header_ptr    = (struct rt_memheap_item *)
                    ((rt_uint8_t *)ptr - RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE);

    RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP, ("free memory: memory[0x%08x], block[0x%08x]\n",
                                    ptr, header_ptr));

    /* check magic */
    if (header_ptr->magic != (RT_MEMHEAP_MAGIC | RT_MEMHEAP_USED) ||
       (header_ptr->next->magic & RT_MEMHEAP_MASK) != RT_MEMHEAP_MAGIC)
    {
        RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP, ("bad magic:0x%08x @ memheap\n",
                                        header_ptr->magic));
        RT_ASSERT(header_ptr->magic == (RT_MEMHEAP_MAGIC | RT_MEMHEAP_USED));
        /* check whether this block of memory has been over-written. */
        RT_ASSERT((header_ptr->next->magic & RT_MEMHEAP_MASK) == RT_MEMHEAP_MAGIC);
    }

    /* get pool ptr */
    heap = header_ptr->pool_ptr;

    RT_ASSERT(heap);
    RT_ASSERT(rt_object_get_type(&heap->parent) == RT_Object_Class_MemHeap);

    if (heap->locked == RT_FALSE)
    {
        /* lock memheap */
        result = rt_sem_take(&(heap->lock), RT_WAITING_FOREVER);
        if (result != RT_EOK)
        {
            rt_set_errno(result);

            return ;
        }
    }

    /* Mark the memory as available. */
    header_ptr->magic = (RT_MEMHEAP_MAGIC | RT_MEMHEAP_FREED);
    /* Adjust the available number of bytes. */
    heap->available_size += MEMITEM_SIZE(header_ptr);

    /* Determine if the block can be merged with the previous neighbor. */
    if (!RT_MEMHEAP_IS_USED(header_ptr->prev))
    {
        RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP, ("merge: left node 0x%08x\n",
                                        header_ptr->prev));

        /* adjust the available number of bytes. */
        heap->available_size += RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE;

        /* yes, merge block with previous neighbor. */
        (header_ptr->prev)->next = header_ptr->next;
        (header_ptr->next)->prev = header_ptr->prev;

        /* move header pointer to previous. */
        header_ptr = header_ptr->prev;
        /* don't insert header to free list */
        insert_header = RT_FALSE;
    }

    /* determine if the block can be merged with the next neighbor. */
    if (!RT_MEMHEAP_IS_USED(header_ptr->next))
    {
        /* adjust the available number of bytes. */
        heap->available_size += RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE;

        /* merge block with next neighbor. */
        new_ptr = header_ptr->next;

        RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP,
                     ("merge: right node 0x%08x, next_free 0x%08x, prev_free 0x%08x\n",
                      new_ptr, new_ptr->next_free, new_ptr->prev_free));

        new_ptr->next->prev = header_ptr;
        header_ptr->next    = new_ptr->next;

        /* remove new ptr from free list */
        new_ptr->next_free->prev_free = new_ptr->prev_free;
        new_ptr->prev_free->next_free = new_ptr->next_free;
    }

    if (insert_header)
    {
        struct rt_memheap_item *n = heap->free_list->next_free;;
#if defined(RT_MEMHEAP_BSET_MODE)
        rt_size_t blk_size = MEMITEM_SIZE(header_ptr);
        for (;n != heap->free_list; n = n->next_free)
        {
            rt_size_t m = MEMITEM_SIZE(n);
            if (blk_size <= m)
            {
                break;
            }
        }
#endif
        /* no left merge, insert to free list */
        header_ptr->next_free = n;
        header_ptr->prev_free = n->prev_free;
        n->prev_free->next_free = header_ptr;
        n->prev_free = header_ptr;

        RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP,
                     ("insert to free list: next_free 0x%08x, prev_free 0x%08x\n",
                      header_ptr->next_free, header_ptr->prev_free));
    }

#ifdef RT_USING_MEMTRACE
    rt_memset(header_ptr->owner_thread_name, ' ', sizeof(header_ptr->owner_thread_name));
#endif /* RT_USING_MEMTRACE */

    if (heap->locked == RT_FALSE)
    {
        /* release lock */
        rt_sem_release(&(heap->lock));
    }
}

其中代码片段用于判断需要释放的内存是否是合法内存

header_ptr    = (struct rt_memheap_item *)
                    ((rt_uint8_t *)ptr - RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE);

    RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP, ("free memory: memory[0x%08x], block[0x%08x]\n",
                                    ptr, header_ptr));

    /* check magic */
    if (header_ptr->magic != (RT_MEMHEAP_MAGIC | RT_MEMHEAP_USED) ||
       (header_ptr->next->magic & RT_MEMHEAP_MASK) != RT_MEMHEAP_MAGIC)
    {
        RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP, ("bad magic:0x%08x @ memheap\n",
                                        header_ptr->magic));
        RT_ASSERT(header_ptr->magic == (RT_MEMHEAP_MAGIC | RT_MEMHEAP_USED));
        /* check whether this block of memory has been over-written. */
        RT_ASSERT((header_ptr->next->magic & RT_MEMHEAP_MASK) == RT_MEMHEAP_MAGIC);
    }

判断当前释放的内存块前一个内存块是否是空闲内存块,如果是则拼接在一起


    /* Determine if the block can be merged with the previous neighbor. */
    if (!RT_MEMHEAP_IS_USED(header_ptr->prev))
    {
        RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP, ("merge: left node 0x%08x\n",
                                        header_ptr->prev));

        /* adjust the available number of bytes. */
        heap->available_size += RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE;

        /* yes, merge block with previous neighbor. */
        (header_ptr->prev)->next = header_ptr->next;
        (header_ptr->next)->prev = header_ptr->prev;

        /* move header pointer to previous. */
        header_ptr = header_ptr->prev;
        /* don't insert header to free list */
        insert_header = RT_FALSE;
    }

判断当前释放的内存块下一个内存块是否是空闲内存块,如果是则拼接在一起

 /* determine if the block can be merged with the next neighbor. */
    if (!RT_MEMHEAP_IS_USED(header_ptr->next))
    {
        /* adjust the available number of bytes. */
        heap->available_size += RT_MEMHEAP_SIZE;

        /* merge block with next neighbor. */
        new_ptr = header_ptr->next;

        RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP,
                     ("merge: right node 0x%08x, next_free 0x%08x, prev_free 0x%08x\n",
                      new_ptr, new_ptr->next_free, new_ptr->prev_free));

        new_ptr->next->prev = header_ptr;
        header_ptr->next    = new_ptr->next;

        /* remove new ptr from free list */
        new_ptr->next_free->prev_free = new_ptr->prev_free;
        new_ptr->prev_free->next_free = new_ptr->next_free;
    }

如果当前的内存块前一个内存块非空闲,那么当前释放的内存块是需要放到空闲链表中

if (insert_header)
    {
        struct rt_memheap_item *n = heap->free_list->next_free;;
#if defined(RT_MEMHEAP_BSET_MODE)
        rt_size_t blk_size = MEMITEM_SIZE(header_ptr);
        for (;n != heap->free_list; n = n->next_free)
        {
            rt_size_t m = MEMITEM_SIZE(n);
            if (blk_size <= m)
            {
                break;
            }
        }
#endif
        /* no left merge, insert to free list */
        header_ptr->next_free = n;
        header_ptr->prev_free = n->prev_free;
        n->prev_free->next_free = header_ptr;
        n->prev_free = header_ptr;

        RT_DEBUG_LOG(RT_DEBUG_MEMHEAP,
                     ("insert to free list: next_free 0x%08x, prev_free 0x%08x\n",
                      header_ptr->next_free, header_ptr->prev_free));
    }

至此,我们基本就分析完MEMHEAP的实现。

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