一:什么是Dagger?
是一个依赖注入框架
—-依赖注入是面向对象编程的一种设计模式,其目的是为了降低程序耦合,这个耦合就是类之间的依赖引起的!
二:
写面向对象程序时,往往会用到组合,即在一个类中引用另一个类,从而可以调用引用的类的方法完成某些功能:
public class ClassA {
ClassB classB;
public ClassA(){
classB=new ClassB();
}
public void todo(){
classB.dosomething();
}
}
此时就产生了依赖问题,ClassA依赖于ClassB,必须借助ClassB的方法才能完成一些功能。在ClassA里直接创建ClassB实例,违背了单一职责原则,ClassB实例的创建不应由ClassA来完成;其次耦合度增加,扩展性差,如果我们想在实例化ClassB的时候传入参数,那么不得不改动ClassA的构造方法,不符合开闭原则。
因此需要一种解决方案,将依赖注入到宿主类(或者叫目标类)中,从而解决上面所述的问题!
依赖注入有一下几种方式:
—-1:接口
public interface IClassB {
void setB(ClassB b);
}
public class ClassA implements IClassB {
ClassB classB;
@Override
public void setB(ClassB b) {
classB = b;
}}
—-2:Set方法
public class ClassA {
ClassB classB;
public void setB(ClassB b) {
classB = b;
}
}
—-3:构造函数
public class ClassA{
ClassB classB;
public ClassA(ClassB b){
classB=b;
}
}
—4:通过JAVA注解:
public class ClassA{
@Inject
ClassB classB;
}
而Dagger注解的作用就相当于帮我们完成了不同情况下的 ClassA a=new ClassA(……..);
三:as配置:
app–build.gradle:
apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt'
compile 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.2'
apt 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.2'
gradle–build.gradle:
classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.8'
四:
Dagger是基于MVP模式下的注解框架,请先熟悉MVP:
先熟悉一下一个例子:
—-1:JAVABean:
public class User {
private String name;
private String phone;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
}
}
—-2:
@ActivityScope
@Component(modules = {MainActivityModule.class})
public interface MainActivityComponent {
void inject(MainActivity mainActivity);
}
—-3:
@Module
public class MainActivityModule {
private MainActivityContract.View view;
private Context context;
public MainActivityModule(MainActivityContract.View view, Context context) {
this.view = view;
this.context = context;
}
@ActivityScope
@Provides
public LoginPresenter getMainActivityPresenter() {
return new LoginPresenter(context, view);
}
}
—-4:
public interface BasePresenter {
}
—-5:
public interface BaseView<T> {
}
—-6:
public class LoginPresenter implements MainActivityContract.Presenter {
public Context context;
public MainActivityContract.View view;
public LoginPresenter(Context context, MainActivityContract.View view) {
this.context = context;
this.view = view;
}
@Override
public void showUser() {
User user = view.getUser();
Toast.makeText(context, "user" + user.getPhone() + user.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
—-7:
public interface MainActivityContract {
interface Presenter extends BasePresenter {
void showUser();
}
interface View extends BaseView<Presenter> {
User getUser();
}
}
—-8:
自定义注解:生命周期和Activity周期保持一致
@Scope
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface ActivityScope {
}
----9:
@Qualifier
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface StringNamed {
String value();
}
—-10:
public abstract class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
providers();
}
public abstract void providers();
}
—-11:
@Singleton
public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity implements MainActivityContract.View {
@Inject
LoginPresenter presenter;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
ButterKnife.bind(this);
}
@Override
public void providers() {
DaggerMainActivityComponent.builder()
.mainActivityModule(new MainActivityModule(this, this))
.build()
.inject(this);
}
@Override
public User getUser() {
User user = new User();
user.setName("key");
user.setPhone("hello");
return user;
}
@OnClick({R.id.button})
public void Click(View view) {
switch (view.getId()) {
case R.id.button:
presenter.showUser();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}