C++ 配置类

参考资料： http://www.cnblogs.com/rosesmall/archive/2012/04/25/2470204.html

1.类声明和定义

Config.h

#pragma once    
    
#include <string>    
#include <map>    
#include <iostream>    
#include <fstream>    
#include <sstream>    
    
    
/*  
* \brief Generic configuration Class  
*  
*/    
class Config {    
    // Data    
protected:    
    std::string m_Delimiter;  //!< separator between key and value    
    std::string m_Comment;    //!< separator between value and comments    
    std::map<std::string,std::string> m_Contents;  //!< extracted keys and values    
    
    typedef std::map<std::string,std::string>::iterator mapi;    
    typedef std::map<std::string,std::string>::const_iterator mapci;    
    // Methods    
public:    
    
    Config( std::string filename,std::string delimiter = "=",std::string comment = "#" );    
    Config();    
    template<class T> T Read( const std::string& in_key ) const;  //!<Search for key and read value or optional default value, call as read<T>    
    template<class T> T Read( const std::string& in_key, const T& in_value ) const;    
    template<class T> bool ReadInto( T& out_var, const std::string& in_key ) const;    
    template<class T>    
    bool ReadInto( T& out_var, const std::string& in_key, const T& in_value ) const;    
    bool FileExist(std::string filename);    
    void ReadFile(std::string filename,std::string delimiter = "=",std::string comment = "#" );    
    
    // Check whether key exists in configuration    
    bool KeyExists( const std::string& in_key ) const;    
    
    // Modify keys and values    
    template<class T> void Add( const std::string& in_key, const T& in_value );    
    void Remove( const std::string& in_key );    
    
    // Check or change configuration syntax    
    std::string GetDelimiter() const { return m_Delimiter; }    
    std::string GetComment() const { return m_Comment; }    
    std::string SetDelimiter( const std::string& in_s )    
    { std::string old = m_Delimiter;  m_Delimiter = in_s;  return old; }      
    std::string SetComment( const std::string& in_s )    
    { std::string old = m_Comment;  m_Comment =  in_s;  return old; }    
    
    // Write or read configuration    
    friend std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os, const Config& cf );    
    friend std::istream& operator>>( std::istream& is, Config& cf );    
    
protected:    
    template<class T> static std::string T_as_string( const T& t );    
    template<class T> static T string_as_T( const std::string& s );    
    static void Trim( std::string& inout_s );    
    
    
    // Exception types    
public:    
    struct File_not_found {    
        std::string filename;    
        File_not_found( const std::string& filename_ = std::string() )    
            : filename(filename_) {} };    
        struct Key_not_found {  // thrown only by T read(key) variant of read()    
            std::string key;    
            Key_not_found( const std::string& key_ = std::string() )    
                : key(key_) {} };    
};    
    
    
/* static */    
template<class T>    
std::string Config::T_as_string( const T& t )    
{    
    // Convert from a T to a string    
    // Type T must support << operator    
    std::ostringstream ost;    
    ost << t;    
    return ost.str();    
}    
    
    
/* static */    
template<class T>    
T Config::string_as_T( const std::string& s )    
{    
    // Convert from a string to a T    
    // Type T must support >> operator    
    T t;    
    std::istringstream ist(s);    
    ist >> t;    
    return t;    
}    
    
    
/* static */    
template<>    
inline std::string Config::string_as_T<std::string>( const std::string& s )    
{    
    // Convert from a string to a string    
    // In other words, do nothing    
    return s;    
}    
    
    
/* static */    
template<>    
inline bool Config::string_as_T<bool>( const std::string& s )    
{    
    // Convert from a string to a bool    
    // Interpret "false", "F", "no", "n", "0" as false    
    // Interpret "true", "T", "yes", "y", "1", "-1", or anything else as true    
    bool b = true;    
    std::string sup = s;    
    for( std::string::iterator p = sup.begin(); p != sup.end(); ++p )    
        *p = toupper(*p);  // make string all caps    
    if( sup==std::string("FALSE") || sup==std::string("F") ||    
        sup==std::string("NO") || sup==std::string("N") ||    
        sup==std::string("0") || sup==std::string("NONE") )    
        b = false;    
    return b;    
}    
    
    
template<class T>    
T Config::Read( const std::string& key ) const    
{    
    // Read the value corresponding to key    
    mapci p = m_Contents.find(key);    
    if( p == m_Contents.end() ) throw Key_not_found(key);    
    return string_as_T<T>( p->second );    
}    
    
    
template<class T>    
T Config::Read( const std::string& key, const T& value ) const    
{    
    // Return the value corresponding to key or given default value    
    // if key is not found    
    mapci p = m_Contents.find(key);    
    if( p == m_Contents.end() ) return value;    
    return string_as_T<T>( p->second );    
}    
    
    
template<class T>    
bool Config::ReadInto( T& var, const std::string& key ) const    
{    
    // Get the value corresponding to key and store in var    
    // Return true if key is found    
    // Otherwise leave var untouched    
    mapci p = m_Contents.find(key);    
    bool found = ( p != m_Contents.end() );    
    if( found ) var = string_as_T<T>( p->second );    
    return found;    
}    
    
    
template<class T>    
bool Config::ReadInto( T& var, const std::string& key, const T& value ) const    
{    
    // Get the value corresponding to key and store in var    
    // Return true if key is found    
    // Otherwise set var to given default    
    mapci p = m_Contents.find(key);    
    bool found = ( p != m_Contents.end() );    
    if( found )    
        var = string_as_T<T>( p->second );    
    else    
        var = value;    
    return found;    
}    
    
    
template<class T>    
void Config::Add( const std::string& in_key, const T& value )    
{    
    // Add a key with given value    
    std::string v = T_as_string( value );    
    std::string key=in_key;    
    trim(key);    
    trim(v);    
    m_Contents[key] = v;    
    return;    
}    

Config.cpp

#include "Config.h"    
    
using namespace std;    
    
    
Config::Config( string filename, string delimiter,    
               string comment )    
               : m_Delimiter(delimiter), m_Comment(comment)    
{    
    // Construct a Config, getting keys and values from given file    
    
    std::ifstream in( filename.c_str() );    
    
    if( !in ) throw File_not_found( filename );     
    
    in >> (*this);    
}    
    
    
Config::Config()    
: m_Delimiter( string(1,'=') ), m_Comment( string(1,'#') )    
{    
    // Construct a Config without a file; empty    
}    
    
    
    
bool Config::KeyExists( const string& key ) const    
{    
    // Indicate whether key is found    
    mapci p = m_Contents.find( key );    
    return ( p != m_Contents.end() );    
}    
    
    
/* static */    
void Config::Trim( string& inout_s )    
{    
    // Remove leading and trailing whitespace    
    static const char whitespace[] = " \n\t\v\r\f";    
    inout_s.erase( 0, inout_s.find_first_not_of(whitespace) );    
    inout_s.erase( inout_s.find_last_not_of(whitespace) + 1U );    
}    
    
    
std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os, const Config& cf )    
{    
    // Save a Config to os    
    for( Config::mapci p = cf.m_Contents.begin();    
        p != cf.m_Contents.end();    
        ++p )    
    {    
        os << p->first << " " << cf.m_Delimiter << " ";    
        os << p->second << std::endl;    
    }    
    return os;    
}    
    
void Config::Remove( const string& key )    
{    
    // Remove key and its value    
    m_Contents.erase( m_Contents.find( key ) );    
    return;    
}    
    
std::istream& operator>>( std::istream& is, Config& cf )    
{    
    // Load a Config from is    
    // Read in keys and values, keeping internal whitespace    
    typedef string::size_type pos;    
    const string& delim  = cf.m_Delimiter;  // separator    
    const string& comm   = cf.m_Comment;    // comment    
    const pos skip = delim.length();        // length of separator    
    
    string nextline = "";  // might need to read ahead to see where value ends    
    
    while( is || nextline.length() > 0 )    
    {    
        // Read an entire line at a time    
        string line;    
        if( nextline.length() > 0 )    
        {    
            line = nextline;  // we read ahead; use it now    
            nextline = "";    
        }    
        else    
        {    
            std::getline( is, line );    
        }    
    
        // Ignore comments    
        line = line.substr( 0, line.find(comm) );    
    
        // Parse the line if it contains a delimiter    
        pos delimPos = line.find( delim );    
        if( delimPos < string::npos )    
        {    
            // Extract the key    
            string key = line.substr( 0, delimPos );    
            line.replace( 0, delimPos+skip, "" );    
    
            // See if value continues on the next line    
            // Stop at blank line, next line with a key, end of stream,    
            // or end of file sentry    
            bool terminate = false;    
            while( !terminate && is )    
            {    
                std::getline( is, nextline );    
                terminate = true;    
    
                string nlcopy = nextline;    
                Config::Trim(nlcopy);    
                if( nlcopy == "" ) continue;    
    
                nextline = nextline.substr( 0, nextline.find(comm) );    
                if( nextline.find(delim) != string::npos )    
                    continue;    
    
                nlcopy = nextline;    
                Config::Trim(nlcopy);    
                if( nlcopy != "" ) line += "\n";    
                line += nextline;    
                terminate = false;    
            }    
    
            // Store key and value    
            Config::Trim(key);    
            Config::Trim(line);    
            cf.m_Contents[key] = line;  // overwrites if key is repeated    
        }    
    }    
    
    return is;    
}    
bool Config::FileExist(std::string filename)    
{    
    bool exist= false;    
    std::ifstream in( filename.c_str() );    
    if( in )     
        exist = true;    
    return exist;    
}    
    
void Config::ReadFile( string filename, string delimiter,    
                      string comment )    
{    
    m_Delimiter = delimiter;    
    m_Comment = comment;    
    std::ifstream in( filename.c_str() );    
    
    if( !in ) throw File_not_found( filename );     
    
    in >> (*this);    
}    

2.使用方法

配置文件

demo.conf

IP=192.168.0.1
PORT=8080

例程

#include "Config.h"

Config*  config =  new(std::nothrow) Config("demo.conf");
cout << "IP：" << config->Read("IP") << endl;
cout << "PORT：" << config->Read("PORT"); << endl;

输出

IP：192.168.0.1
PORT：8080