Andriod Studio学习笔记第十天

自定义View类
本质上就是将Android已有的控件进行组合，比如实现以下一个自定义的View

步骤如下：
1.定义atts.xml配置自定义属性
新建一个module，可以防止路径出现错乱（可以在project里面写，就是会出现混乱<…图片…>，可以看做project看做为一个文件夹，APP和module是project的子文件夹，这样分开写比较清晰）；在res/value中新建atts.xml文件（源代码中，控件继承自ViewGroup类，保存在Path/frameworks/base/core/res/res/values/atts.xml中），定义三个组件的属性。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <declare-styleable name="Topbar">
        <attr name="title" format="string"/>
        <attr name="titleTextSize" format="dimension"/>
        <attr name="titleTextColor" format="color"/>
        
        <attr name="leftText" format="string"/>
        <attr name="leftBackground" format="reference|color"/>
        <attr name="leftTextColor" format="color"/>
        
        <attr name="rightText" format="string"/>
        <attr name="rightBackground" format="reference|color"/>
        <attr name="rightTextColor" format="color"/>
    </declare-styleable>

</resources>

2.创建自定义View类，重写控件满足自己的要求。
这里结合自定义View类和MainActivity类，谈一下自己对接口回调的理解。在自定义View类中创建一个topbarClickListener接口变量，并定义了一个方法将外部接口实例指向当前的接口变量，当在自定义View类中调用接口变量的方法时，会自动回调外部接口实例覆写的方法。
那么，我们只需要在MainActivity类中创建接口的实例并覆写方法，自定义View就会自动回调MainActivity类中中覆写的方法。

package com.example.mytopbar;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class Topbar extends RelativeLayout {

//定义三个控件
    private Button leftButton,rightButton;
    private TextView tvTitle;
//定义相关属性
    private int leftTextColor;
    private Drawable leftBackground;
    private String leftText;

    private int rightTextColor;
    private Drawable rightBackground;
    private String rightText;

    private float titleTextSize;
    private int titleTextColor;
    private String title;
//
    private LayoutParams leftParams,rightParams,titleParams;

    private topbarClickListener listener;

    public interface topbarClickListener{
        public void leftClick();
        public void rightClick();
    }

    public void setOnTopbarClickListen(topbarClickListener listener){
        this.listener=listener;
    }
//在构造方法中，获得XML文件中自定义的属性，并将XML文件定义的自定义属性映射到Topbar的属性
    public Topbar(final Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.Topbar);

        leftTextColor = ta.getColor(R.styleable.Topbar_leftTextColor,0);
        leftBackground = ta.getDrawable(R.styleable.Topbar_leftBackground);
        leftText = ta.getString(R.styleable.Topbar_leftText);

        rightTextColor = ta.getColor(R.styleable.Topbar_rightTextColor,0);
        rightBackground = ta.getDrawable(R.styleable.Topbar_rightBackground);
        rightText = ta.getString(R.styleable.Topbar_rightText);

        titleTextSize = ta.getDimension(R.styleable.Topbar_titleTextSize,0);
        titleTextColor = ta.getColor(R.styleable.Topbar_titleTextColor,0);
        title = ta.getString(R.styleable.Topbar_title);

        ta.recycle();
//实例化控件
        leftButton = new Button(context);
        rightButton = new Button(context);
        tvTitle = new TextView(context);
//将相关属性定义到实例化的控件上
        leftButton.setTextColor(leftTextColor);
        leftButton.setBackground(leftBackground);
        leftButton.setText(leftText);

        rightButton.setTextColor(rightTextColor);
        rightButton.setBackground(rightBackground);
        rightButton.setText(rightText);

        tvTitle.setTextColor(titleTextColor);
        tvTitle.setTextSize(titleTextSize);
        tvTitle.setText(title);
        tvTitle.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);

        setBackgroundColor(0xfff23211);
//将控件放到ViewGroup中，或者说是放到Layout布局中
        leftParams = new LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
        leftParams.addRule(RelativeLayout.ALIGN_PARENT_LEFT,TRUE);
        addView(leftButton,leftParams);

        rightParams = new LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
        rightParams.addRule(RelativeLayout.ALIGN_PARENT_RIGHT,TRUE);
        addView(rightButton,rightParams);

        titleParams = new LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
        titleParams.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_IN_PARENT,TRUE);
        addView(tvTitle,titleParams);
//为两个button增加点击事件
        leftButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                listener.leftClick();
                //Toast.makeText(context,"Left",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
        });
        rightButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                listener.rightClick();
                //Toast.makeText(context,"Right",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
        });
    }
}

3.引用自定义的控件。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"//与系统包名区分开
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <com.example.mytopbar.Topbar
        android:id="@+id/topbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        custom:leftBackground="@drawable/ic_launcher_background"
        custom:leftText="Back"
        custom:leftTextColor="#ffffff"
        custom:rightBackground="@drawable/ic_launcher_background"
        custom:rightText="More"
        custom:rightTextColor="#ffffff"
        custom:title="自定义标题"
        custom:titleTextColor="#423451"
        custom:titleTextSize="10sp">

    </com.example.mytopbar.Topbar>
</RelativeLayout>

主程序

package com.example.mytopbar;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        Topbar topbar = (Topbar)findViewById(R.id.topbar);
        topbar.setOnTopbarClickListen(new Topbar.topbarClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void leftClick() {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"Left",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }

            @Override
            public void rightClick() {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"Right",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
        });
    }
}