R数据分析：多项式回归与响应面分析的理解与实操

今天给大家分享一个新的统计方法，叫做响应面分析，响应面分析是用来探究变量一致性假设的（Congruence hypotheses）。本身是一个工程学方法，目前在组织行为学，管理，市场营销等等领域中使用越来越多。

Congruence hypotheses state that the agreement (i.e., congruence) between two constructs should positively (or negatively) affect some outcome variable. Such hypotheses play a central role in many disciplines, for example, Marketing (Kim & Hsieh, 2003), Organizational Behavior (Caniëls & Veld, 2019), and Purchasing (Caniëls, Vos, Schiele, & Pulles, 2018).

响应面分析尤其是在探究一致性和不一致性作用的时候是最佳选择，就是说比如你有两个自变量，一个因变量，你想看看如果这两个自变量都同时一致性变化（同时增大或减小）和同时不一致变化（一个增大另一个减小）的情况下，因变量如何变化。这个时候一定记得使用响应面分析。

response surface analysis (RSA) is an approach that allows examining the extent to which combinations of two predictive variables relate to one outcome variable. The method is particularly interesting in cases where (in)congruence between the two predictive variables is a central consideration of the study.

一致性假设的检验需要涉及到多项式回归，而响应面分析的优势在于可以其可以将多项式回归的结果用3D画出来，从而使得我们看清楚各种自变量组合情形下因变量的变化情况。并且通过多项式的系数情况对相应假设进行证明。

The foundation of RSA is the visualization of the results of the regression equation on a three-dimensional graph . Instead of directly interpreting the results of the polynomial regression analysis, the coefficients are used to examine what is called a ‘response surface pattern’ . The response surface is a graph that provides a th