mini2440之PWM混杂驱动分析

在其Linux源码中，和这个平台相关的代码主要在arch/arm/mach-s3c2410和include/asm-arm/arch-s3c2410

Linux对I/O的操作都定义在asm/io.h中，相应的在arm平台下，就在asm-arm/io.h中。

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>

#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>//__raw_readl
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <mach/regs-gpio.h>
#include <mach/hardware.h>
#include <plat/regs-timer.h>//s3c2440定时器所有寄存器定义
#include <mach/regs-irq.h>
#include <asm/mach/time.h>
#include <linux/clk.h>//为系统提供时钟频率
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>

#define DEVICE_NAME   "pwm"//设备名

#define PWM_IOCTL_SET_FREQ		1
#define PWM_IOCTL_STOP			0
//保护临界区，只有获得信号量，才能访问临界资源
static struct semaphore lock;//定义信号量，当无法获取，进入休眠
//定时器输入时钟频率=pclk/prescale+1/divider

//tcnt计数值，通过这两个，可以算出多长时间发生定时中断
/* freq:  pclk/50/16/65536 ~ pclk/50/16 
  * if pclk = 50MHz, freq is 1Hz to 62500Hz
  * human ear : 20Hz~ 20000Hz
  */
static void PWM_Set_Freq( unsigned long freq )
{
	unsigned long tcon;//定时控制寄存器，设置，自动重装，死区允许，自动更新，启动定时器，反相器等
	unsigned long tcnt;//定时计数器
	unsigned long tcfg1;//定时配置寄存器，获得divider
	unsigned long tcfg0;//定时配置寄存器，获得prescale

	struct clk *clk_p;
	unsigned long pclk;

	//set GPB0 as tout0, pwm output，设置GPB0为PWM0输出端口
	s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPB(0), S3C2410_GPB0_TOUT0);

	tcon = __raw_readl(S3C2410_TCON);//定时器控制寄存器，__raw_readl是I/O映射，是内核访问硬件的一种方式，还有一种是内存映射
	tcfg1 = __raw_readl(S3C2410_TCFG1);//定时器配置寄存器
	tcfg0 = __raw_readl(S3C2410_TCFG0);//取出原始的寄存器的值

	//prescaler = 50
	tcfg0 &= ~S3C2410_TCFG_PRESCALER0_MASK;//输出低电平，清除掉tcfg0之前的寄存器配置

//S3C2410_TCFG_PRESCALER0_MASK=0xff,定义在arch/arm/plat-s3c/include/plat/regs-timer.h
	tcfg0 |= (50 - 1); 

	//mux = 1/16
	tcfg1 &= ~S3C2410_TCFG1_MUX0_MASK;
	tcfg1 |= S3C2410_TCFG1_MUX0_DIV16;

	__raw_writel(tcfg1, S3C2410_TCFG1);//把新配置的寄存器值写入进去
	__raw_writel(tcfg0, S3C2410_TCFG0);

	clk_p = clk_get(NULL, "pclk");//为系统提供时钟频率
	pclk  = clk_get_rate(clk_p);
	tcnt  = (pclk/50/16)/freq;
	
	__raw_writel(tcnt, S3C2410_TCNTB(0));
	__raw_writel(tcnt/2, S3C2410_TCMPB(0));//把新配置的寄存器值写入进去
	
	//配置定时器			
	tcon &= ~0x1f;
	tcon |= 0xb;		//disable deadzone, auto-reload, inv-off, update TCNTB0&TCMPB0, start timer 0
	__raw_writel(tcon, S3C2410_TCON);
	
	tcon &= ~2;			//clear manual update bit
	__raw_writel(tcon, S3C2410_TCON);
}

static void PWM_Stop(void)
{
	s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPB(0), S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT);
	s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPB(0), 0);
}

static int s3c24xx_pwm_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{//尝试获得信号量，如果能立即获得，获得信号量并返回0，否则返回非0，
//不会导致调用者睡眠，可以在中断上下文使用。
	if (!down_trylock(&lock))
		return 0;//成功
	else
		return -EBUSY;//设备忙
}


static int s3c24xx_pwm_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	PWM_Stop();
	up(&lock);//释放信号量，唤醒等待者
    return 0;
}


static int s3c24xx_pwm_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
	//printk("ioctl pwm: %x %lx\n", cmd, arg);
	switch (cmd) {
	case PWM_IOCTL_SET_FREQ:
		if (arg == 0)
			return -EINVAL;
		PWM_Set_Freq(arg);
		break;

	case PWM_IOCTL_STOP:
		PWM_Stop();
		break;
	}

	return 0;
}


static struct file_operations dev_fops = {
    .owner   =   THIS_MODULE,
    .open    =   s3c24xx_pwm_open,
    .release =   s3c24xx_pwm_close, 
    .ioctl   =   s3c24xx_pwm_ioctl,
};

static struct miscdevice misc = {
	.minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
	.name = DEVICE_NAME,
	.fops = &dev_fops,
};

static int __init dev_init(void)
{
	int ret;

	init_MUTEX(&lock);//初始化互斥信号量
	ret = misc_register(&misc);//注册设备号

	printk (DEVICE_NAME"\tinitialized\n");
    	return ret;
}

static void __exit dev_exit(void)
{
	misc_deregister(&misc);
}

module_init(dev_init);
module_exit(dev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("FriendlyARM Inc.");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("S3C2410/S3C2440 PWM Driver");

测试程序

#include <stdio.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define PWM_IOCTL_SET_FREQ		1
#define PWM_IOCTL_STOP			0

#define	ESC_KEY		0x1b

static int getch(void)
{
	struct termios oldt,newt;
	int ch;

	if (!isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "this problem should be run at a terminal\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	// save terminal setting
	if(tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &oldt) < 0) {
		perror("save the terminal setting");
		exit(1);
	}

	// set terminal as need
	newt = oldt;
	newt.c_lflag &= ~( ICANON | ECHO );
	if(tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO,TCSANOW, &newt) < 0) {
		perror("set terminal");
		exit(1);
	}

	ch = getchar();

	// restore termial setting
	if(tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO,TCSANOW,&oldt) < 0) {
		perror("restore the termial setting");
		exit(1);
	}
	return ch;
}

static int fd = -1;
static void close_buzzer(void);
static void open_buzzer(void)
{
	fd = open("/dev/pwm", 0);
	if (fd < 0) {
		perror("open pwm_buzzer device");
		exit(1);
	}

	// any function exit call will stop the buzzer
	atexit(close_buzzer);
}

static void close_buzzer(void)
{
	if (fd >= 0) {
		ioctl(fd, PWM_IOCTL_STOP);
		close(fd);
		fd = -1;
	}
}

static void set_buzzer_freq(int freq)
{
	// this IOCTL command is the key to set frequency
	int ret = ioctl(fd, PWM_IOCTL_SET_FREQ, freq);
	if(ret < 0) {
		perror("set the frequency of the buzzer");
		exit(1);
	}
}
static void stop_buzzer(void)
{
	int ret = ioctl(fd, PWM_IOCTL_STOP);
	if(ret < 0) {
		perror("stop the buzzer");
		exit(1);
	}
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int freq = 1000 ;
	
	open_buzzer();

	printf( "\nBUZZER TEST ( PWM Control )\n" );
	printf( "Press +/- to increase/reduce the frequency of the BUZZER\n" ) ;
	printf( "Press 'ESC' key to Exit this program\n\n" );
	
	
	while( 1 )
	{
		int key;

		set_buzzer_freq(freq);
		printf( "\tFreq = %d\n", freq );

		key = getch();

		switch(key) {
		case '+':
			if( freq < 20000 )
				freq += 10;
			break;

		case '-':
			if( freq > 11 )
				freq -= 10 ;
			break;

		case ESC_KEY:
		case EOF:
			stop_buzzer();
			exit(0);

		default:
			break;
		}
	}
}