一句话理解cmp_to_key函数

主要是因为python3不支持比较函数,在一些接受key的函数中(例如sorted,min,max,heapq.nlargest,itertools.groupby),key仅仅支持一个参数,就无法实现两个参数之间的对比,采用cmp_to_key 函数,可以接受两个参数,将两个参数做处理,比如做和做差,转换成一个参数,就可以应用于key关键字之后。

举个例子:

from functools import cmp_to_key 
L=[9,2,23,1,2]

sorted(L,key=cmp_to_key(lambda x,y:y-x))
输出:
[23, 9, 2, 2, 1]


sorted(L,key=cmp_to_key(lambda x,y:x-y))
输出:
[1, 2, 2, 9, 23]

 

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The `functools.cmp_to_key` function is a utility function in Python's `functools` module that helps convert a comparison function to a key function. In Python, sorting a list of objects requires a way to compare the objects. This is done by providing a comparison function that takes two objects as input and returns `-1`, `0`, or `1` depending on whether the first object is less than, equal to, or greater than the second object. However, some sorting functions in Python (such as the `sorted` function) require a key function instead of a comparison function. A key function takes a single object as input and returns a value that can be used for sorting. The `cmp_to_key` function helps convert a comparison function to a key function by returning a new function that takes a single object as input and returns a tuple `(comparison_result, object)` where `comparison_result` is the result of calling the original comparison function with the input object and another object, and `object` is the input object itself. This tuple can then be used for sorting. Here's an example of how to use `cmp_to_key`: ``` from functools import cmp_to_key def compare_length(str1, str2): if len(str1) < len(str2): return -1 elif len(str1) > len(str2): return 1 else: return 0 strings = ['cat', 'dog', 'elephant', 'a', 'zebra'] sorted_strings = sorted(strings, key=cmp_to_key(compare_length)) print(sorted_strings) # Output: ['a', 'cat', 'dog', 'zebra', 'elephant'] ``` In this example, we define a comparison function `compare_length` that compares the lengths of two strings. We then use `cmp_to_key` to convert this comparison function to a key function, and pass it to the `sorted` function to sort a list of strings by length. The resulting sorted list is `['a', 'cat', 'dog', 'zebra', 'elephant']`.
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