Python Note

Python Note

Python 中文官方文档

str

• str.translate(table [,deletechars]) -> string

>>> from string import punctuation
>>> s = 'abc,./123'
>>> s.translate(None , punctuation)
'abc123'
>>> s.translate('a'*256 , punctuation)
'aaaaaa'

• str.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
• str.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool

>>> s = 'id=asd123'
>>> s.startswith('id=')
True
>>> s.endswith('id=')
False

• str.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings

>>> s='1&2&3&4'
>>> s.split('&')
['1', '2', '3', '4']
>>> s.split('&',1)
['1', '2&3&4']
>>> s.split('&',3)
['1', '2', '3', '4']
>>> s.split('&',4)
['1', '2', '3', '4']

• str.center(width[, fillchar]) -> string

>>> s = 'asd123'
>>> s.center(20)
'       asd123       '
>>> str_list = [' '.join(map(str,range(1,i+1))) for i in range(1,5)]
>>> str_list
['1', '1 2', '1 2 3', '1 2 3 4']
>>> for s in str_list:
...     print s.center(20)
... 
         1          
        1 2         
       1 2 3        
      1 2 3 4        

• str.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> string

>>> s='1\t2\t3'
>>> s.expandtabs() #default 8
'1       2       3'
>>> s.expandtabs(4)
'1   2   3'

• * *

string

• string.punctuation

>>> from string import punctuation
>>> punctuation
'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'

operator

>>> import operator as op

• op.itemgetter

>>> mylist = [('a',2),('c',1),('b',3)]
>>> sorted(mylist,key=op.itemgetter(1)) #sort by col2
[('c', 1), ('a', 2), ('b', 3)]
>>> sorted(mylist,key=op.itemgetter(0)) #sort by col1
[('a', 2), ('b', 3), ('c', 1)]

time

import time
>>> cur_timestamp = time.time()#当前时间戳
1456381674.0
>>> cur_time = time.localtime()#当前时间
time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=25, tm_hour=14, tm_min=27, tm_sec=54, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=56, tm_isdst=0)
>>> str_time = time.ctime()#当前时间（默认str格式）
'Thu Feb 25 14:27:54 2016'
>>> time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")#当前时间（自定义str格式）
'2016-02-25'

字符串 $\Longrightarrow$ 时间 $\Longrightarrow$ 时间戳

import time
str_tm = "2016-02-25 14:30:24"
tm = time.strptime(str_tm,"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
tm_stamp = time.mktime(tm)
print 'tm =' , tm
print 'tm_stamp =' , tm_stamp

"""
tm = time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=25, tm_hour=14, tm_min=30, tm_sec=24, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=56, tm_isdst=-1)
tm_stamp = 1456381824.0
"""

时间戳 $\Longrightarrow$ 时间 $\Longrightarrow$ 字符串

import time
tm_stamp = 1456381824.0
tm = time.gmtime(tm_stamp)
str_tm = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",tm)
print 'tm =' , tm
print 'str_tm =' , str_tm

"""
tm = time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=25, tm_hour=6, tm_min=30, tm_sec=24, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=56, tm_isdst=0)
str_tm = 2016-02-25 06:30:24
"""

计时

>>> begin=time.time();time.sleep(3);time.time()-begin
3.003235101699829

注：在unix like上使用 time.time() 而在windows中使用time.clock()可以得到更高的精度.

图片引自：http://blog.csdn.net/five3/article/details/8771612

datetime

• 详见：http://my.oschina.net/whp/blog/130710

MAXYEAR && MINYEAR

In [105]: datetime.MAXYEAR
Out[105]: 9999

In [106]: datetime.MINYEAR
Out[106]: 1

date

In [123]: datetime.date.today()
Out[123]: datetime.date(2016, 2, 25)

In [124]: datetime.date.today().year#month，day：2,25
Out[124]: 2016

In [125]: datetime.date.today().weekday()
Out[125]: 3

datetime

In [136]: datetime.datetime.today()
Out[136]: datetime.datetime(2016, 2, 25, 18, 19, 41, 638621)

In [137]: datetime.datetime.today().year
Out[137]: 2016

In [138]: datetime.datetime.today().hour
Out[138]: 18

In [139]: datetime.datetime.today().timetuple()
Out[139]: time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=25, tm_hour=18, tm_min=20, tm_sec=35, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=56, tm_isdst=-1)

In [141]: datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime.datetime.today(),"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
Out[141]: '2016-02-25 18:23:53'

In [142]: datetime.datetime.strptime('2016-02-25 18:23:53',"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
Out[142]: datetime.datetime(2016, 2, 25, 18, 23, 53)

注：datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime.datetime.today(),”%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S”)
$==$ time.strftime(“%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S”)

timedelta

random

Python中的random模块