在linux下，存在着这样的情况，本地的进程间通信，并且其中一个是服务端，另外的都是客户端。
服务端通过绑定端口，客户端往127.0.0.1的对应端口发送，即可办到，不过这样会浪费一个端口，同时也容易造成安全隐患。
今天发现linux服务端创建socket的时候，协议族用AF_UNIX即可，AF_LOCAL和AF_UNIX的值是一样的。
而AF_UNIX和127.0.0.1回环地址相比，具有哪些好处呢。本人读了下面博客：
Unix domain socket 简介
其中里面讲到UNIX domain socket 用于 IPC 更有效率：不需要经过网络协议栈，不需要打包拆包、计算校验和、维护序号和应答等。本人想当然认为AF_UNIX速度比127.0.0.1更快，为此鄙人进行了实验。
找一个比较大的文件，超过1G大小，然后
1。用AF_UNIX写客户端和服务端，由客户端读取文件，发送给AF_UNIX服务端，然后服务端写文件，看看用AF_UNIX传递一个文件需要多久。
2. 用127.0.0.1写客户端和服务端，由客户端读取文件，发送给127.0.0.1服务端，然后服务端写文件，看看用127.0.0.1传递一个文件需要多久。
废话不多说，直接上代码，先上AF_UNIX的：
AF_UNIX服务端(unixsocketserver.c)：
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define MAXLINE 80
char *socket_path = "/tmp/server.socket";
#define RECV_LEN 1000
int main(void)
{
fd_set readmask, exceptmask;
struct timeval tv;
int maxfd = FD_SETSIZE;
int nready = 0;
FILE *fp = fopen("/tmp/pull_desktop234_copy.flv", "w");
if(fp == NULL)
{
perror("fopen pull_desktop234_copy.flv failed");
goto end;
}
char buf[RECV_LEN + 1];
int readbyte, writebyte;
struct sockaddr_un serun, cliun;
socklen_t cliun_len;
int listenfd, connfd, size;
if ((listenfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
perror("socket error");
exit(1);
}
memset(&serun, 0, sizeof(serun));
serun.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strcpy(serun.sun_path, socket_path);
size = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(serun.sun_path);
unlink(socket_path);
if (bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serun, size) < 0) {
perror("bind error");
exit(1);
}
printf("UNIX domain socket bound\n");
if (listen(listenfd, 20) < 0) {
perror("listen error");
exit(1);
}
printf("Accepting connections ...\n");
cliun_len = sizeof(cliun);
if ((connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliun, &cliun_len)) < 0){
perror("accept error");
goto end;
}
time_t now, endtime;
now = time(NULL);
while(1)
{
FD_ZERO(&readmask);
FD_ZERO(&exceptmask);
FD_SET(connfd, &readmask);
FD_SET(connfd, &exceptmask);
tv.tv_sec = 3;
tv.tv_usec = 0;
nready = select(maxfd, &readmask, NULL, &exceptmask, &tv);
if(nready < 0)
{
goto end;
}
if(nready == 0)
{
printf("nready == 0\n");
continue;
}
if(FD_ISSET(connfd, &readmask))
{
readbyte = recv(connfd, buf, RECV_LEN, 0);
if(readbyte < 0)
{
perror("readbyte < 0");
goto end;
}
if(readbyte == 0)
{
perror("readbyte == 0");
goto end;
}
if(readbyte > 0)
{
buf[readbyte] = 0;
writebyte = fwrite(buf, 1, readbyte, fp);
if(writebyte != readbyte)
{
printf("writebyte(%d) != readbyte(%d)\n", writebyte, readbyte);
goto end;
}
}
}
if(FD_ISSET(connfd, &exceptmask))
{
printf("select, exceptmask\n");
goto end;
}
}
end:
endtime = time(NULL);
printf("costs %d seconds\n", endtime - now);
if(fp != NULL)
{
fclose(fp);
fp = NULL;
}
close(connfd);
close(listenfd);
return 0;
}
AF_UNIX客户端(unixsocketclient.c)：
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define SEND_LEN 1000
char *client_path = "/tmp/client.socket";
char *server_path = "/tmp/server.socket";
int main() {
struct sockaddr_un cliun, serun;
int len;
int sockfd, n;
FILE *fp = fopen("/tmp/pull_desktop234.flv", "r");
if(fp == NULL)
{
perror("fopen pull_desktop234.flv failed");
goto end;
}
if ((sockfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0){
perror("client socket error");
exit(1);
}
// 一般显式调用bind函数，以便服务器区分不同客户端
memset(&cliun, 0, sizeof(cliun));
cliun.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strcpy(cliun.sun_path, client_path);
len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(cliun.sun_path);
unlink(cliun.sun_path);
if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliun, len) < 0) {
perror("bind error");
exit(1);
}
memset(&serun, 0, sizeof(serun));
serun.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strcpy(serun.sun_path, server_path);
len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(serun.sun_path);
if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serun, len) < 0){
perror("connect error");
exit(1);
}
int sendbyte = 0;
int alreadysendbyte = 0;
char buf[SEND_LEN + 1];
while((n = fread(buf, 1, SEND_LEN, fp)) > 0)
{
sendbyte = send(sockfd, buf, n, 0);
if(sendbyte == -1)
{
perror("send error");
goto end;
}
alreadysendbyte += sendbyte;
while(alreadysendbyte < n)
{
sendbyte = send(sockfd, buf + alreadysendbyte, n - alreadysendbyte, 0);
if(sendbyte == -1)
{
perror("send error");
goto end;
}
alreadysendbyte += sendbyte;
}
}
end:
if(fp != NULL)
{
fclose(fp);
fp = NULL;
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
接着上127.0.0.1的：
127.0.0.1服务端(loopsocketserver.c)：
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define RECV_LEN 1000
int main(){
fd_set readmask, exceptmask;
struct timeval tv;
int maxfd = FD_SETSIZE;
int nready = 0;
FILE *fp = fopen("/tmp/pull_desktop234_copy.flv", "w");
if(fp == NULL)
{
perror("fopen pull_desktop234_copy.flv failed");
goto end;
}
char buf[RECV_LEN + 1];
int readbyte, writebyte;
int serv_sock=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
memset(&serv_addr,0,sizeof(serv_addr));
serv_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);
serv_addr.sin_port=htons(9990);
bind(serv_sock,(struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));
listen(serv_sock,5);
struct sockaddr_in clnt_addr;
socklen_t clnt_addr_size=sizeof(clnt_addr);
int clnt_sock=accept(serv_sock,(struct sockaddr*)&clnt_addr,&clnt_addr_size);
time_t now, endtime;
now = time(NULL);
while(1)
{
FD_ZERO(&readmask);
FD_ZERO(&exceptmask);
FD_SET(clnt_sock, &readmask);
FD_SET(clnt_sock, &exceptmask);
tv.tv_sec = 3;
tv.tv_usec = 0;
nready = select(maxfd, &readmask, NULL, &exceptmask, &tv);
if(nready < 0)
{
goto end;
}
if(nready == 0)
{
printf("nready == 0\n");
continue;
}
if(FD_ISSET(clnt_sock, &readmask))
{
readbyte = recv(clnt_sock, buf, RECV_LEN, 0);
if(readbyte < 0)
{
perror("readbyte < 0");
goto end;
}
if(readbyte == 0)
{
perror("readbyte == 0");
goto end;
}
if(readbyte > 0)
{
buf[readbyte] = 0;
writebyte = fwrite(buf, 1, readbyte, fp);
if(writebyte != readbyte)
{
printf("writebyte(%d) != readbyte(%d)\n", writebyte, readbyte);
goto end;
}
}
}
if(FD_ISSET(clnt_sock, &exceptmask))
{
printf("select, exceptmask\n");
goto end;
}
}
end:
endtime = time(NULL);
printf("costs %d seconds\n", endtime - now);
if(fp != NULL)
{
fclose(fp);
fp = NULL;
}
close(clnt_sock);
close(serv_sock);
return 0;
}
127.0.0.1客户端(loopsocketclient.c)：
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define SEND_LEN 1000
int main(){
int sock=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
FILE *fp = fopen("/tmp/pull_desktop234.flv", "r");
if(fp == NULL)
{
perror("fopen pull_desktop234.flv failed");
goto end;
}
int n = 0;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
memset(&serv_addr,0,sizeof(serv_addr));
serv_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
serv_addr.sin_port=htons(9990);
if(connect(sock,(struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0)
{
perror("connect failed");
goto end;
}
int sendbyte = 0;
int alreadysendbyte = 0;
char buf[SEND_LEN + 1];
while((n = fread(buf, 1, SEND_LEN, fp)) > 0)
{
sendbyte = send(sock, buf, n, 0);
if(sendbyte == -1)
{
perror("send error");
goto end;
}
alreadysendbyte += sendbyte;
while(alreadysendbyte < n)
{
sendbyte = send(sock, buf + alreadysendbyte, n - alreadysendbyte, 0);
if(sendbyte == -1)
{
perror("send error");
goto end;
}
alreadysendbyte += sendbyte;
}
}
end:
if(fp != NULL)
{
fclose(fp);
fp = NULL;
}
close(sock);
return 0;
}
本人的缓冲区大小分为3种情况(文件大小为1.15G)，上图代码片段缓冲区大小为1000字节：
缓冲区大小100字节：AF_UNIX传递完文件费时25秒，127.0.0.1传递完文件费时33秒
缓冲区大小1000字节：AF_UNIX传递完文件费时8秒，127.0.0.1传递完文件费时7秒
缓冲区大小10000字节：AF_UNIX传递完文件费时5秒，127.0.0.1传递完文件费时4秒
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