android-学习篇-Activity

生命周期

• onCreate()
• onStart()
• onResume()
• onPause()
• onStop()
• onDestroy()

保存和恢复状态
onSaveInstanceState()
onRestoreInstanceState()

注意：当用户显式关闭 Activity 时，或者在其他情况下调用 finish() 时，系统不会调用 onSaveInstanceState()

Activity间导航
startActivity()
startActivityForResult()

任务和返回栈

任务是用户在执行某项工作时与之互动的一系列 Activity 的集合。这些 Activity 按照每个 Activity 打开的顺序排列在一个返回堆栈中。
Android 7.0（API 24）及更高版本支持多窗口环境，当应用在这种环境中同时运行时，系统会单独管理每个窗口的任务；而每个窗口可能包含多项任务。

• Android 7.0支持分屏模式。
• Android 8.0 开始，应用可以将自身置于画中画模式，从而使其能在用户浏览其他应用或与之交互时继续显示内容。

启动模式

1. standard
2. singleTop
3. singleTask
4. singleInstance

activity 标签

<activity android:allowEmbedded=["true" | "false"]
          android:allowTaskReparenting=["true" | "false"]
          android:alwaysRetainTaskState=["true" | "false"]
          android:autoRemoveFromRecents=["true" | "false"]
          android:banner="drawable resource"
          android:clearTaskOnLaunch=["true" | "false"]
          android:colorMode=[ "hdr" | "wideColorGamut"]
          android:configChanges=["mcc", "mnc", "locale",
                                 "touchscreen", "keyboard", "keyboardHidden",
                                 "navigation", "screenLayout", "fontScale",
                                 "uiMode", "orientation", "density",
                                 "screenSize", "smallestScreenSize"]
          android:directBootAware=["true" | "false"]
          android:documentLaunchMode=["intoExisting" | "always" |
                                  "none" | "never"]
          android:enabled=["true" | "false"]
          android:excludeFromRecents=["true" | "false"]
          android:exported=["true" | "false"]
          android:finishOnTaskLaunch=["true" | "false"]
          android:hardwareAccelerated=["true" | "false"]
          android:icon="drawable resource"
          android:immersive=["true" | "false"]
          android:label="string resource"
          android:launchMode=["standard" | "singleTop" |
                              "singleTask" | "singleInstance"]
          android:lockTaskMode=["normal" | "never" |
                              "if_whitelisted" | "always"]
          android:maxRecents="integer"
          android:maxAspectRatio="float"
          android:multiprocess=["true" | "false"]
          android:name="string"
          android:noHistory=["true" | "false"]  
          android:parentActivityName="string" 
          android:persistableMode=["persistRootOnly" | 
                                   "persistAcrossReboots" | "persistNever"]
          android:permission="string"
          android:process="string"
          android:relinquishTaskIdentity=["true" | "false"]
          android:resizeableActivity=["true" | "false"]
          android:screenOrientation=["unspecified" | "behind" |
                                     "landscape" | "portrait" |
                                     "reverseLandscape" | "reversePortrait" |
                                     "sensorLandscape" | "sensorPortrait" |
                                     "userLandscape" | "userPortrait" |
                                     "sensor" | "fullSensor" | "nosensor" |
                                     "user" | "fullUser" | "locked"]
          android:showForAllUsers=["true" | "false"]
          android:stateNotNeeded=["true" | "false"]
          android:supportsPictureInPicture=["true" | "false"]
          android:taskAffinity="string"
          android:theme="resource or theme"
          android:uiOptions=["none" | "splitActionBarWhenNarrow"]
          android:windowSoftInputMode=["stateUnspecified",
                                       "stateUnchanged", "stateHidden",
                                       "stateAlwaysHidden", "stateVisible",
                                       "stateAlwaysVisible", "adjustUnspecified",
                                       "adjustResize", "adjustPan"] >   
    <intent-filter> 
    <meta-data> 
    <layout>
    . . .
</activity>

详细介绍

常见问题

生命周期相关

• 两个 Activity 之间跳转时执行的方法？
• 横竖屏切换时，Activity 各种情况下的生命周期？
• Activity 与 Fragment 之间生命周期比较？
• Activity 上有 Dialog 时按 Home 键时的生命周期？
• 前台切换到后台，然后再回到前台，Activity 生命周期回调方法？弹出 Dialog，生命周期回调方法？

其他

• Activity 状态保存与恢复？
• Fragment 状态保存？
• Application 和 Activity 的 Context 对象的区别？