虚函数及纯虚函数

/*
 * virtualVar.cpp
 *
 *  Created on: 2016年8月24日
 *      Author: zroad
 */
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;


//一。虚函数的概念：
/*
 * 1、虚函数的定义：类Base中加了Virtual关键字的函数就是虚拟函数（例如函数print），
 * 2、多态的实现：于是在Base的派生类Derived中就可以通过重写虚拟函数来实现对基类虚拟函数的覆盖。
 * 当基类Base的指针point指向派生类Derived的对象时，对point的print函数的调用实际上是调用了Derived的print函数而不是Base的print函数。
 * 这是面向对象中的多态性的体现。
 */

class Base {

public:
    Base() {
        cout << "Class Base is created!" << endl;
    }

    virtual void print() {
        cout << "Base class is used!" << endl;
    }

    ~Base() {
        cout << "Base class is deleted!" << endl;
    }
};

class Derived : public Base {

public:
    Derived() {
        cout << "Class Derived is created!" << endl;
    }

    void print() {
        cout << "Derived class is used!" << endl;
    }

    ~Derived() {
        cout << "Derived class is deleted!" << endl;
    }
};


//二、纯虚函数的概念：
//纯虚函数是在基类中声明的虚函数，它在基类中没有定义，但要求任何派生类都要定义自己的实现方法。
class PureVirtualClass {

public:
    PureVirtualClass() {
        cout << "PureVirtualClass is created!" << endl;
    }

    virtual void printPure();

    ~PureVirtualClass() {
        cout << "PureVirtualClass is deleted!" << endl;
    }
};



class DerivedPureVirtualClass : public PureVirtualClass {
public:
    DerivedPureVirtualClass() {
        cout << "DerivedPureVirtualClass is created!" << endl;
    }

    void printPure() {
        cout << "PureVirtualClass is tested!" << endl;
    }

    ~DerivedPureVirtualClass() {
        cout << "Bye,bye!" << endl;
    }
};


int main() {

    /*运行结构钢：
     * Class Base is created!
       Class Derived is created!
       Derived class is used!
       Base class is deleted!
     *
     */

    //调用顺序：
        /*
           1.成员方法不需要初始化,因为这些全部是指针。
           2.初始化派生类的静态字段。
           3.初始化派生类的非静态字段。
           4.初始化基类的静态字段。
           5.初始化基类的非静态字段。
           6.调用基类的构造函数。
           7.调用派生类的构造函数。
         */

    //多态的实现，基类指针调用派生类的方法
    Base *a = new Derived();
    a -> print();
    delete a;


    //纯虚函数的调用
    DerivedPureVirtualClass *d = new DerivedPureVirtualClass();
    d -> printPure();
    delete d;

    return 0;
}