Kotlin 实战重点摘要

目录

1.JoinToString

2.分割字符串

3.代码简洁之路-局部函数和扩展：在函数中嵌套这些被提取的函数

 4.列表中找年龄最大

5.lambda

6.函数集合API

7.高阶函数：Lambda 作为形参和返回值

8. 函数类型参数，并用一个lambda作为默认值

9.通过lambda去除重复代码

---

1.JoinToString

println(strings.joinToString(separator = "; ",prefix = "(",postfix = ")"))

控制台输出：(first; second; fourtg)

fun <T> Collection<T>.joinToString(separator: String = ", ", prefix: String = "", postfix: String = ""): String {
    val result = StringBuilder(prefix)
    for ((index,element) in this.withIndex()){
        if(index>0) result.append(separator)
        result.append(element)
    }
    result.append(postfix)
    return  result.toString()
}

2.分割字符串

println("list.324-432.A".split("\\.|-".toRegex()))

控制台输出： [list, 324, 432, A]

3.代码简洁之路-局部函数和扩展：在函数中嵌套这些被提取的函数

fun saveUser(user: User){
    user.validateBeforeSave()
}

fun User.validateBeforeSave(){
    fun validate(value:String,fieldName:String){
        if(value.isEmpty()){
            throw IllegalArgumentException("Can't ave user $id:empty $fieldName")
        }
    }
    validate(name,"Name")
    validate(address,"Address")
}

class User(val id:Int,val name:String,val address:String)

 4.列表中找年龄最大

kotlin 库函数 maxBy

val people = listOf(Person("Alcie", 29), Person("Bob", 31))

println(people.maxBy { it.age })

data class Person(val name: String, val age: Int)

//传统方法

val people = listOf(Person("Alcie", 29), Person("Bob", 31))
findTheOldest(people)

data class Person(val name: String, val age: Int)

fun findTheOldest(people: List<Person>) {
    var maxAge = 0
    var theOldest: Person? = null
    for (person in people) {
        if (person.age > maxAge) {
            maxAge = person.age
            theOldest = person
        }
    }
    println(theOldest)
}

5.lambda

people.maxBy({ p: Person -> p.age}) 

kotlin语法约定：如何lambda表达式是函数调用的最后一个实参，那它可以放到括号的外面

people.maxBy(){ p: Person -> p.age} 

当lambda是函数唯一实参时，可以去掉空括号对

people.maxBy{ p: Person -> p.age}  //显式地写出参数类型

省略lambda参数类型

people.maxBy{ p-> p.age}  //推导出参数类型

如果上下文期望的是只有一个参数的lambda且这个参数的类型可以推断出来，则it代替命名参数

people.maxBy{ it.age}  //“it”是自动生成的参数名称

成员引用

people.maxBy(Person :: age)

6.函数集合API

基础 filter  map ：filter函数可以从集合中移除你不想要的元素，但是它并不会改变这些元素，元素变换是map的用武之地

data class Person(val name: String, val age: Int)
val people = listOf(Person("Alcie", 29), Person("Bob", 31))
println(people.filter { it.age>30 })

控制台输出 [Person(name=Bob, age=31)]


val list= listOf(1,2,3,4)
println(list.map{it * it})

控制台输出 [1, 4, 9, 16]

flatmap toSet

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val books= listOf(Book("朝花夕拾", listOf("鲁迅")),
    Book("呐喊", listOf("鲁迅")),
    Book("史记", listOf("司马迁")))
    println(books.flatMap { it.authors })

    println(books.flatMap { it.authors }.toSet())
}

class Book(val title:String,val authors:List<String>)

控制台输出：
[鲁迅, 鲁迅, 司马迁]
[鲁迅, 司马迁]

with apply

println(alphabet())

控制台输出：
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Now IKnow the alohabet!

fun alphabet():String{
    val result=StringBuilder()
    for (letter in 'A'..'Z'){
        result.append(letter)
    }
    result.append("\nNow IKnow the alohabet!")
    return result.toString()
}
fun alphabet1():String{
    val result=StringBuilder()
    return with(result){
        for (letter in 'A'..'Z'){
            result.append(letter)
        }
            append("\nNow IKnow the alohabet!")
        this.toString()
    }
}


fun alphabet2()= with(StringBuilder()){
    for (letter in 'A'..'Z'){
        append(letter)
    }
    append("\nNow IKnow the alohabet!")
    this.toString()
}

fun alphabet3()= StringBuilder().apply{
    for (letter in 'A'..'Z'){
        append(letter)
    }
    append("\nNow IKnow the alohabet!")
}.toString()

7.高阶函数：Lambda 作为形参和返回值

高阶函数就是以另一个函数作为参数或返回值的函数。

println("ab5c".filter { it in 'a'..'z' })

fun String.filter(predicate:(Char)->Boolean):String{
    val sb=StringBuilder()
    for (index in 0 until length){
        val element=get(index)
        if (predicate(element)) sb.append(element)
    }
    return  sb.toString()
}

控制台输出：abc

8. 函数类型参数，并用一个lambda作为默认值

println(letters.jointToString { it.toLowerCase() })

控制台输出：aplha, beta

println(letters.jointToString(separator="! ",postfix="! ",transform={ it.toUpperCase() }) )

控制台输出：APLHA! BETA! 


fun <T> Collection<T>.jointToString(
    separator: String = ", ",
    prefix: String = "",
    postfix: String = "",
    transform: (T) -> String = { it.toString() }
): String {
    val result = StringBuilder(prefix)
    for ((index, element) in this.withIndex()) {
        if (index > 0) result.append(separator)
        result.append(transform(element))
    }
    result.append(postfix)
    return result.toString()
}

参数可空的函数类型 invoke

println(letters.jointToString { it.toLowerCase() })

控制台输出：aplha, beta

println(letters.jointToString(separator="! ",postfix="! ",transform={ it.toUpperCase() }) )

控制台输出：APLHA! BETA! 

fun <T> Collection<T>.jointToString(
    separator: String = ", ",
    prefix: String = "",
    postfix: String = "",
    transform: (T) -> String = { it.toString() }
): String {
    val result = StringBuilder(prefix)
    for ((index, element) in this.withIndex()) {
        if (index > 0) result.append(separator)
        val str=transform.invoke(element)?:element.toString()
        result.append(str)
    }
    result.append(postfix)
    return result.toString()
}

9.通过lambda去除重复代码

data class SiteVisit(val path: String, val duration: Double, val os: OS)
enum class OS { WINDOWS, LINUX, MAC, IOS, ANDROID }

val log = listOf(
    SiteVisit("/", 34.0, OS.WINDOWS),
    SiteVisit("/", 22.0, OS.MAC),
    SiteVisit("/login", 12.0, OS.WINDOWS),
    SiteVisit("/signup", 8.0, OS.IOS),
    SiteVisit("/", 16.3, OS.ANDROID)
)

val averageWindowsDuration = log
        .filter { it.os == OS.WINDOWS }
        .map(SiteVisit::duration)
        .average()
println(averageWindowsDuration)

控制台输出 ：23.0

将重复代码抽取到 普通函数

fun List<SiteVisit>.averageDurationFor(os: OS) =
    filter { it.os == os }.map(SiteVisit::duration).average()

println(log.averageDurationFor(OS.WINDOWS))

控制台输出 ：23.0

变复杂

val averageWindowsDuration1 = log
        .filter { it.os in setOf(OS.IOS, OS.ANDROID) }
        .map(SiteVisit::duration)
        .average()
println(averageWindowsDuration1)

控制台输出 ： 12.15

高阶函数去除重复代码

fun List<SiteVisit>.averageDurationFor1(predicate: (SiteVisit) -> Boolean) =
    filter(predicate).map(SiteVisit::duration).average()

println(log.averageDurationFor1 { it.os in setOf(OS.IOS, OS.ANDROID) })

控制台输出 ： 12.15