C/C++中调用外部程序

http://hi.baidu.com/ekepptbfluehlwe/item/321109e59ac745b52f140b57

C语言：

1._execl函数家庭

Each function in this family loads and executes a new process:

The letter at the end of the function name determines the variation.

Each function in this family loads and executes a new process:

The letter at the end of the function name determines the variation.

_exec function suffix Description

e

envp, array of pointers to environment settings, is passed to the new process.

l

Command-line arguments are passed individually to _exec function. Typically used when the number of parameters to the new process is known in advance.

p

PATH environment variable is used to find the file to execute.

v

argv, array of pointers to command-line arguments, is passed to _exec. Typically used when the number of parameters to the new process is variable.

2._spawnl函数家庭

Each of the _spawn functions creates and executes a new process:

e、l、p、v 的含义同1.

3.system

用法：system函数是执行shell命令，在windows下就是将命令交给DOS或cmd.exe去执行。如果要改变c:\windows\下文件名为myfile.txt文件为只读属性，可以执行：
system("attrib +r c:\windows\myfile.txt");
注：用VC++编写源程序时，system应该写为System

总结：

相同点：三者都可以创建一个新进程；

不同点：_execl与system创建一个新进程后不返回，相当于创建的新进程替换了原来的调用进程；而_spawnl创建一个新进程后，原来的调用进程依然存在，并继续执行。

注意：system在windows和linux中都可以使用，但由于windows和linux下的命令不同，它能调用的命令也不同。如linux下能调用system("ls")，但由于windows下没有ls命令，因此不能调用。

VC++：

1 WinExec
原型:
UINT WinExec(
LPCSTR lpCmdLine, // address of command line
UINT uCmdShow      // window style for new application
);
用于十六位操作系统及兼容系统.
例如:
WinExec("notepad.exe f:\\调用程序.txt",SW_SHOW);
WinExec("notepad.exe ",SW_SHOW);
不同的参数用空格分开,故路径中不能有空格,而大部分程序默认是安装在"...\Program Files\...",如word,这极大的限制了WinExec的应用范围.
以上可不带路径:
1,程序所在目录.
2,当前路径.
3,系统目录,可以用GetSystemDirectory得到.
4,Windows 目录. 可以用TheGetWindowsDirectory得到.
5,在环境变量中设置的目录.

2 ShellExecute
原型:
HINSTANCE ShellExecute(
   HWND hwnd,                   //父窗口句柄
   LPCTSTR lpOperation,         //操作,"open","print","explore"
   LPCTSTR lpFile,              //文件名,前面可加路径
   LPCTSTR lpParameters,        //参数
   LPCTSTR lpDirectory,         //默认文件夹
   INT nShowCmd                 //显示方式
);

打开一个应用程序
ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","calc.exe","","", SW_SHOW );
或
ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","notepad.exe","c:\MyLog.log","",SW_SHOW );

打开一个同系统程序相关连的文档
ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","c:\abc.txt","","",SW_SHOW );

激活相关程序，发送EMAIL
ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","","","", SW_SHOW );

用系统打印机打印文档
ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"print","c:\abc.txt","","", SW_HIDE);

lpParameters的用法示例:
一,建立一个可以接受参数的程序call.exe,添加如下代码:
BOOL CCallApp::InitInstance()
{
int n = __argc;
for(int i = 1 ; i < n ; i++)
AfxMessageBox(__targv[i]);
      //__targv[0]存储的是程序的文件名
...
}
二,Alt + F7的进行Project setting, Debug -> program argurments ->"1 2 3 4 5".
如果有多个参数,用空格分开.
三,运行.
四,执行ShellExecute(NULL,NULL,"f:\\call.exe","1 2 3 4 5",NULL,SW_SHOW);

3 CreateProcess

BOOL CreateProcess(
LPCTSTR lpApplicationName,

LPTSTR lpCommandLine,
LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpProcessAttributes,
LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,
BOOL bInheritHandles,
DWORD dwCreationFlags,
LPVOID lpEnvironment,
LPCTSTR lpCurrentDirectory,
LPSTARTUPINFO lpStartupInfo,
LPPROCESS_INFORMATION lpProcessInformation
);

STARTUPINFO   startupInfo;
memset(&startupInfo,0,sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
startupInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);

示例:
//程序最启动时最大化
startupInfo.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
startupInfo.wShowWindow = SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED;

//运行....exe
PROCESS_INFORMATION ProcessInfo;
BOOL bCreate = ::CreateProcess
       (
       "f:\\call.exe",// 1 2 3 4",
NULL,
NULL,
       NULL,
       FALSE,
       0,
       NULL,
       NULL,
       &startupInfo,
       &ProcessInfo);

//等到call.exe执行完毕
WaitForSingleObject(ProcessInfo.hProcess,1000000);
MessageBox("调用程序结束!");