视频质量评价PSNR

        PSNR（Peak Signal to Noise Ratio，峰值信噪比）是最基础的视频质量评价方法。它的取值一般在20-50之间，值越大代表受损图片越接近原图片。PSNR通过对原始图像和失真图像进行像素的逐点对比，计算两幅图像像素点之间的误差，并由这些误差最终确定失真图像的质量评分。该方法由于计算简便、数学意义明确，在图像处理领域中应用最为广泛。

一幅MxN尺寸的图像的PSNR的计算公式如下所示：

其中xij 和yij 分别表示失真图像和原始图像对应像素点的灰度值；

i，j 分别代表图像的行和列；

L 是图像灰度值可到达的动态范围，8位的灰度图像的L=2^8-1=255。

如果已知SSD，MxN尺寸图像的PSNR公式如下所示。

MSE=SSD*1/(M*N)

PSNR=10*lg(255^2/MSE)

    例如下图两张1080图片（左边是原图，右边是编码之后的图片，QP为17）的PSNR对比的结果 Y PSNR is 40.632022, U PSNR is 44.596545,V PSNR is 45.759277。

PSNR对比测试：
1080P视频测试：BasketballDrive_1920x1080_25_250.yuv
dp:17
 Y PSNR is 40.632022, U PSNR is 44.596545,V PSNR is 45.759277
dp:28
 Y PSNR is 38.834869, U PSNR is 42.445172,V PSNR is 42.977148
dp:32
 Y PSNR is 38.144906, U PSNR is 41.265455,V PSNR is 41.705576
dp:36
 Y PSNR is 37.527187, U PSNR is 40.110563,V PSNR is 40.551498
        我们知道量化和反量化过程中，量化步长QP决定量化器的编码压缩率及图像精度。如果QP比较大，则量化值FQ动态范围越小，其相应的编码长度越小，但反量化是损失较多的图像细节，导致PSNR值越小。

代码：

// PSNR_CAL.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio)
//峰值信噪比PSNR衡量图像失真或是噪声水平的客观标准。2个图像之间PSNR值越大，则越相似。普遍基准为30dB，30dB以下的图像劣化较为明显。
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <math.h>

#define VIDEO_WIDTH			1280
#define VIDEO_HEIGHT		720
#define VIDEO_FRAME_NUM			10 //frame number
//编码解码YUV
#define DEC_YUV_PATH			"E:\\yuv\\\\bs3.yuv"
//原YUV
#define REF_YUV_PATH			"E:\\yuv\\BasketballDrive_1920x1080_25_250.yuv"
#define REF_YUV_422			0 //1:reference yuv is 422 format, 0:reference yuv is 420 format
#define VIDEO_SIZE_Y		VIDEO_HEIGHT*VIDEO_WIDTH
#define VIDEO_SIZE_UV		(VIDEO_HEIGHT*VIDEO_WIDTH)>>1
#define VIDEO_SIZE_YUV		(VIDEO_SIZE_Y + VIDEO_SIZE_UV)
#define CONV422	0
#define CAL_PSNR 1

int main()
{
	FILE *fp_dec;
	FILE *fp_ref;
	int i, j, k, comp;

#if CAL_PSNR
	unsigned char line_dec[5000];
	unsigned char line_ref[5000];
	int  idiff;
	unsigned long diff_sum;
	int width, height;
	double psnr_frame;
	double psnr_sum[VIDEO_FRAME_NUM][3];
	double psnr_total[3];
	
	fp_dec = fopen(DEC_YUV_PATH, "rb");
	fp_ref = fopen(REF_YUV_PATH, "rb");
	
	if (fp_dec == NULL)
	{
		printf("\n DEC YUV file not found\n");
		return 0;
	}

	if (fp_ref == NULL)
	{
		printf("\n REF YUV file not found\n");
		return 0;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < VIDEO_FRAME_NUM; i++)
	{	//Y
		for (comp = 0; comp < 3; comp++)
		{
			diff_sum = 0;
			if(comp ==0)
			{
				width = VIDEO_WIDTH;
				height = VIDEO_HEIGHT;
			}
			else
			{
				width = VIDEO_WIDTH /2;
				height = VIDEO_HEIGHT /2;
			}

			for (j = 0; j < height; j++)
			{
				fread(line_dec, 1, width, fp_dec);
				fread(line_ref, 1, width, fp_ref);

				//fwrite(line_ref, 1, width, fp_ref_422);

				//if(comp != 0)							//UV
				//	fwrite(line_ref, 1, width, fp_ref_422);

				for (k = 0; k < width; k++)
				{
					idiff = (int)(line_dec[k] - line_ref[k]);
					diff_sum += idiff*idiff;

					//if (k == 0 && j == 5 )
					//	printf("stop at %d", k);
				}
				//if (comp != 0 && REF_YUV_422 == 1) // if 422 format, skip one chroma line
				//	fread(line_dec, 1, width, fp_dec);
			}
			psnr_frame = (double)255 * 255 * width* height;
			psnr_sum[i][comp] = 10.0 * log10(psnr_frame / (double)diff_sum);
		}
		printf("frame %d, Y PSNR is %f, Cb PSNR is %f,Cr PSNR is %f \n", i, psnr_sum[i][0], psnr_sum[i][1], psnr_sum[i][2]);
	}
	psnr_total[0] = 0;
	psnr_total[1] = 0;
	psnr_total[2] = 0;

	for (i = 0; i<VIDEO_FRAME_NUM; i++)
	{
		psnr_total[0] += psnr_sum[i][0];
		psnr_total[1] += psnr_sum[i][1];
		psnr_total[2] += psnr_sum[i][2];
	}

	psnr_total[0] = psnr_total[0] / (VIDEO_FRAME_NUM);
	psnr_total[1] = psnr_total[1] / (VIDEO_FRAME_NUM);
	psnr_total[2] = psnr_total[2] / (VIDEO_FRAME_NUM);	
	printf("average PSNR of sequence is:\n Y PSNR is %f, U PSNR is %f,V PSNR is %f\n", psnr_total[0], psnr_total[1], psnr_total[2]);

	fclose(fp_dec);
	fclose(fp_ref);
	system("pause");
#endif

#if CONV422
	//convert ref 4:2:0 yuv to interleave 4:2:2 yuv
	unsigned char Y_plane[VIDEO_SIZE_YUV];
	unsigned char U_plane[VIDEO_SIZE_Y / 4];
	unsigned char V_plane[VIDEO_SIZE_Y / 4];
	unsigned char YUV_plane[2 * VIDEO_SIZE_Y];

	unsigned char *pt0;
	unsigned char *pt1;
	unsigned char *pt2;
	unsigned char *pt3;
	
	fp_ref = fopen(REF_YUV_PATH, "rb");
	fp_ref_422 = fopen(REF_YUV422_ITLV_PATH, "wb");

	if (fp_ref == NULL)
	{
		printf("\n REF YUV file not found\n");
		return 0;
	}

	if (fp_ref_422 == NULL)
	{
		printf("\n REF 422 YUV file not found\n");
		return 0;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < VIDEO_FRAME_NUM_CONV; i++)
	{
		fread(Y_plane, 1, VIDEO_SIZE_Y, fp_ref);
		fread(U_plane, 1, VIDEO_SIZE_Y / 4, fp_ref);
		fread(V_plane, 1, VIDEO_SIZE_Y / 4, fp_ref);

		pt0 = Y_plane;
		pt1 = U_plane;
		pt2 = V_plane;
		pt3 = YUV_plane;

		for (j = 0; j < VIDEO_HEIGHT / 2; j++)
		{
			for (k = 0; k < VIDEO_WIDTH / 2; k++)	//the row size of YUV_plane is 2*VIDEO_WIDTH
			{
				*pt3++ = *pt0++;	//Y0
				*pt3++ = *pt1++;	//U0
				*pt3++ = *pt0++;	//Y1
				*pt3++ = *pt2++;	//V0
			}

			pt1 = pt1 - VIDEO_WIDTH / 2;
			pt2 = pt2 - VIDEO_WIDTH / 2;

			for (k = 0; k < VIDEO_WIDTH / 2; k++)	//the row size of YUV_plane is 2*VIDEO_WIDTH
			{
				*pt3++ = *pt0++;	//Y(WIDTH+0)
				*pt3++ = *pt1++;	//U0
				*pt3++ = *pt0++;	//Y(WIDTH+1)
				*pt3++ = *pt2++;	//V0
			}

		}

		fwrite(YUV_plane, 1, 2* VIDEO_SIZE_Y, fp_ref_422);
	}
#endif	

}

       但是PSNR仅仅计算了图像像素点间的绝对误差，没有考虑像素点间的视觉相关性，更没顾及人类视觉系统的感知特性，所以其评价结果与主观感受往往相差较大(SSIM就是一种典型的与人类视觉系统特性结合的质量评价方法)。