Java设计模式：适配器模式（Adapter Pattern）

适配器模式定义

适配器模式将一个类的接口，转换成客户期望的另一个接口。适配器让原本接口不兼容的类可以合作无间。

适配器有两种类型：对象适配器、类适配器

对象适配器

UML类图

类适配器

UML类图

个人认为两者的优劣势

对象适配器：

使用组合，不仅可以适配某个类，也可以适配该类的任何子类，一般而言，是单向的适配；

类适配器（注：Java中没有多重继承）：

使用继承，不好扩展到别的子类，但可以双向适配；

采用对象适配器的代码

Duck.java

public interface Duck {

	public void quack();
	public void fly();
}

MallarDuck.java

public class MallardDuck implements Duck {

	public void quack() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("MallacDuck Quack");
	}

	public void fly() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("MallacDuck is flying");
	}
}

Turkey.java

public interface Turkey {

	public void gobble();
	public void fly();
}

WildTurkey.java

public class WildTurkey implements Turkey {

	public void gobble() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("WildTurkey gobble");
	}

	public void fly() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("WildTurkey is flying a short distance");
	}
}

让火鸡适配鸭子

TurkeyAdapter.java

public class TurkeyAdapter implements Duck {

	Turkey turkey;
	
	public TurkeyAdapter(Turkey turkey){
		this.turkey = turkey;
	}
	
	public void quack() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		turkey.gobble();
	}

	public void fly() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		turkey.fly();
	}
}

现在做一个鸭子类接口测试，但想用火鸡了

DuckTest.java

public class DuckTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		MallardDuck duck = new MallardDuck();
		testDuck(duck);
		
		System.out.println("--------------------");
		WildTurkey turkey = new WildTurkey();
		turkey.gobble();
		turkey.fly();
		
		System.out.println("--------------------");
		Duck turkeyAdapter = new TurkeyAdapter(turkey);
		testDuck(turkeyAdapter);
		
	}
	
	static void testDuck(Duck duck){
		duck.quack();
		duck.fly();
	}
}

输出

MallacDuck Quack
MallacDuck is flying
--------------------
WildTurkey gobble
WildTurkey is flying a short distance
--------------------
WildTurkey gobble
WildTurkey is flying a short distance

现在又做火鸡测试类，但又想能用鸭子，所以还要写一个能适配火鸡的鸭子适配器

DuckAdapter.java

public class DuckAdapter implements Turkey {

	Duck duck;
	
	public DuckAdapter(Duck duck){
		this.duck = duck;
	}
	
	public void gobble() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		duck.quack();
	}

	public void fly() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		duck.fly();
	}

}

开始测试

public class TurkeyTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		MallardDuck duck = new MallardDuck();
		Turkey duckAdapter = new DuckAdapter(duck);
		
		duckAdapter.gobble();
		duckAdapter.fly();
	}

}

输出

MallacDuck Quack
MallacDuck is flying