状态模式

状态模式：当一个对象的内在状态改变时允许改变其行为，这个对象看起来像是改变了其类。

状态模式主要解决的是当控制一个对象状态转换的条件表达式过于复杂时的情况。把状态的判断逻辑转移到表示不同的状态的一系列类当中，可以把复杂的判断逻辑简化。

状态模式图：

具体的一个小例子：

其UML图为：

其代码为：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using 工作状态__状态模式;

namespace 工作状态__状态模式
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Work emergencyProjects = new Work();
            emergencyProjects.Hour = 9;
            emergencyProjects.WriteProgram();
            emergencyProjects.Hour = 10;
            emergencyProjects.WriteProgram();
            emergencyProjects.Hour = 12;
            emergencyProjects.WriteProgram();
            emergencyProjects.Hour = 17;
           

            emergencyProjects.TaskFinished = false;
           // emergencyProjects.TaskFinished = true;
            emergencyProjects.WriteProgram();
            emergencyProjects.Hour = 19;
            emergencyProjects.WriteProgram();
            emergencyProjects.Hour = 22;
            emergencyProjects.WriteProgram();

            Console.Read();
        

        }

    }
    public abstract class State
    {
        public abstract void WriteProgram(Work w);
    }
    public class Work
    {
        private State current;
        public  Work ()
        {
            current = new ForenoonState();
        }
        private double hour;
        public double  Hour 
        {
            get { return hour; }
            set { hour = value; }

        }
        private bool finish = false;
        public bool TaskFinished
        {
            get { return finish; }
            set { finish = value; }
        }

        public void SetState(State s)
        {
            current = s;
        }
        public void WriteProgram()
        {
            current.WriteProgram(this);
        }
    }

class ForenoonState:State 

    {
        public override void WriteProgram(Work w)
        {
            if (w.Hour<12)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("当前时间：{0}点 上午工作，精神百倍", w.Hour);
            }
            else
            {
                w.SetState(new NoonState());
                w.WriteProgram();
            }
        }
    }

    public class NoonState:State
    {
         public override void WriteProgram(Work w)
        {
 	        if (w.Hour <13)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("当前时间： {0}点 饿了，午饭，犯困，午休", w.Hour);
            }
            else
            {
                w.SetState(new AfternoonState());
                w.WriteProgram();
            }
        }
    }
    public class AfternoonState:State
    {
        public override void WriteProgram(Work w)
        {
            if (w.Hour < 17)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("当前时间： {0}点 下午状态还不错，继续努力", w.Hour);
            }
            else
            {
                w.SetState(new EveningState ());
                w.WriteProgram();
            }
        }

    }
    public class EveningState:State
    {
        public override void WriteProgram(Work w)
        {
           if (w.TaskFinished )
           {
               w.SetState(new RestState());
               w.WriteProgram();
           }
           else
           {
               if (w.Hour <21)
               {
                   Console.WriteLine("当前时间：{0}点 加班哦，疲劳至极", w.Hour);
               }
               else
               {
                   w.SetState(new SleepingState());
                   w.WriteProgram();
               }
           }
        }
    }
    public class SleepingState:State
    {
        public override void WriteProgram(Work w)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("当前时间：{0}点 不行了，睡着了", w.Hour);
        }
    }
    public class RestState:State
    {
        public override void WriteProgram(Work w)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("当前时间：{0}点下班回家了", w.Hour);
        }
    }

}

状态模式的好处是将与特定状态相关的行为局部化，并且将不同状态的行为分割开来。可以消除庞大的条件分支语句，状态模式通过把各种状态转移逻辑分布到State的子类之间。来减少相互间的依赖。

当一个对象的行为取决于它的状态，并且它必须在运行时刻根据状态改变它的行为时，就可以考虑用状态模式了。