opencv 运动目标检测

<span style="font-size:18px;color:#ff0000;">请注意你要安装opencv，复制代码后要配置opencv环境，然后找个视频把代码中路径改为你视频路径。</span>

#include "cv.h" 
#include "highgui.h" 
#include <time.h> 
#include <math.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <string.h> 
 
// various tracking parameters (in seconds) //跟踪的参数（单位为秒） 
const double MHI_DURATION = 1;//0.5s为运动跟踪的最大持续时间 
//const double MAX_TIME_DELTA = 1; //最大时间增量为0.5s
//const double MIN_TIME_DELTA = 0.05; //最小时间增量0.05s
const int N = 3; 
// 
const int CONTOUR_MAX_AERA = 900; 
 
// ring image buffer 圈出图像缓冲 
IplImage **buf = 0;//指针的指针 
int last = 0; 
 
// temporary images临时图像 
IplImage *mhi = 0; // MHI: motion history image 运动历史图像
 

CvConnectedComp *cur_comp, min_comp; //连接部件
CvConnectedComp comp; 
CvMemStorage *storage; //内存存储器
CvPoint pt[4]; //二维坐标系下的点，类型为整型 ，通常以0点为原点，有x坐标和y坐标
 
int nCurFrameIndex = 0;
 
// 参数： 
// img - 输入视频帧 
// dst - 检测结果 
void update_mhi( IplImage* img, IplImage* dst, int diff_threshold ) 
{ 
double timestamp = clock()/100.; // get current time in seconds 时间戳 

CvSize size = cvSize(img->width,img->height); // get current frame size，得到当前帧的尺寸 
int i, idx1, idx2; 
IplImage* silh; 
//width和height通过&运算变为img的一半
IplImage* pyr = cvCreateImage( cvSize((size.width & -2)/2, (size.height & -2)/2), 8, 1 );

CvMemStorage *stor; 
CvSeq *cont; 

/*先进行数据的初始化*/ 
if( !mhi || mhi->width != size.width || mhi->height != size.height ) 
{ 
if( buf == 0 ) //若尚没有初始化则分配内存给他 
{ 
buf = (IplImage**)malloc(N*sizeof(buf[0])); 
memset( buf, 0, N*sizeof(buf[0])); 
} 

for( i = 0; i < N; i++ ) 
{ 
cvReleaseImage( &buf[i] ); 
buf[i] = cvCreateImage( size, IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1 ); 
cvZero( buf[i] );// clear Buffer Frame at the beginning 
} 
cvReleaseImage( &mhi ); 
mhi = cvCreateImage( size, IPL_DEPTH_32F, 1 ); 
cvZero( mhi ); // clear MHI at the beginning 
} // end of if(mhi) 
 
/*将当前要处理的帧转化为灰度放到buffer的最后一帧中*/ 
cvCvtColor( img, buf[last], CV_BGR2GRAY ); // convert frame to grayscale 
 
/*设定帧的序号*/	
idx1 = last; 
idx2 = (last + 1) % N; // index of (last - (N-1))th frame 
last = idx2; 
 
// 做帧差 
silh = buf[idx2];//差值的指向idx2 
cvAbsDiff( buf[idx1], buf[idx2], silh ); // get difference between frames 

// 对差图像做二值化 
cvThreshold( silh, silh, 30, 255, CV_THRESH_BINARY ); //threshold it,二值化 第三个参数阈值会影响效果

//去掉超时的影像以更新运动历史图像
cvUpdateMotionHistory( silh, mhi, timestamp, MHI_DURATION ); // update MHI 
cvCvtScale(mhi,dst,255./MHI_DURATION,(MHI_DURATION-timestamp)*255./MHI_DURATION);
cvCvtScale(mhi,dst,255./MHI_DURATION,0);
//cvConvert( mhi, dst );//将mhi转化为dst,dst=mhi 

// 中值滤波，消除小的噪声 
cvSmooth( dst, dst, CV_MEDIAN, 3, 0, 0, 0 ); 

cvPyrDown( dst, pyr, CV_GAUSSIAN_5x5 );// 向下采样，去掉噪声，图像是原图像的四分之一 
cvDilate( pyr, pyr, 0, 1 ); // 做膨胀操作，消除目标的不连续空洞 

cvPyrUp( pyr, dst, CV_GAUSSIAN_5x5 );// 向上采样，恢复图像，图像是原图像的四倍 
 
// 下面的程序段用来找到轮廓 
// Create dynamic structure and sequence. 
stor = cvCreateMemStorage(0); 
cont = cvCreateSeq(CV_SEQ_ELTYPE_POINT, sizeof(CvSeq), sizeof(CvPoint) , stor); 

// 找到所有轮廓 
//cvFindContours( dst, stor, &cont, sizeof(CvContour), 
//CV_RETR_LIST, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, cvPoint(0,0)); 
cvFindContours( dst, stor, &cont, sizeof(CvContour), 
1, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, cvPoint(0,0)); 
 
// 直接使用CONTOUR中的矩形来画轮廓 
for(;cont;cont = cont->h_next) 
{ 
CvRect r = ((CvContour*)cont)->rect; 

if(r.height * r.width > CONTOUR_MAX_AERA) // 面积小的方形抛弃掉 
{ 
cvRectangle( img, cvPoint(r.x,r.y), 
cvPoint(r.x + r.width, r.y + r.height), 
CV_RGB(255,0,0), 1, CV_AA,0); 
} 
} 
// free memory 
cvReleaseMemStorage(&stor); 
cvReleaseImage( &pyr ); 
} 
 
 
int main(int argc, char** argv) 
{ 
//保存视频文件
//!将保存视频文件的名字设置成"FVideoSave.avi"
char szVideoSaveName[] = "VideoSave.avi"; 

CvVideoWriter * pVideoWriter = 0; //用于保存视频文件
//IplImage * pFrame = NULL;
//IplImage * pImage = NULL;
IplImage* motion = 0; 
CvCapture* capture = 0; 

capture = cvCaptureFromAVI("F:\\OPENCV实验室\\test.avi" );//AVI为视频来源 

if( capture ) 
{ 
cvNamedWindow( "Motion", 1 );//建立窗口 
 int frameH     = (int) cvGetCaptureProperty(capture, CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT);//liumeng
    int frameW     = (int) cvGetCaptureProperty(capture, CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH);//liumeng
	int fps        = (int) cvGetCaptureProperty(capture, CV_CAP_PROP_FPS);//liumeng
//创建视频写入器
//pVideoWriter=cvCreateVideoWriter(/*"VideoSave.avi"*/szVideoSaveName,/*CV_FOURCC('M','J', 'P', 'G')*/-1 ,25,cvSize(640,480),1);
pVideoWriter=cvCreateVideoWriter(szVideoSaveName,CV_FOURCC('M','J', 'P', 'G'),25,cvSize(frameW,frameH),1);
for( ; ; ) 
{ 
IplImage* image; 
if( !cvGrabFrame( capture ))//捕捉一桢 
break; 
image = cvRetrieveFrame( capture );//取出这个帧 
if( image )//若取到则判断motion是否为空 
{ 
if( !motion ) 
{ 
motion = cvCreateImage( cvSize(image->width,image->height), 8, 1 ); //创建motion帧，八位，一通道 
cvZero( motion ); //零填充motion 
motion->origin = image->origin; //内存存储的顺序和取出的帧相同 
} 
} 
update_mhi( image, motion, 60 );//更新历史图像 
cvShowImage( "Motion", image );//显示处理过的图像 

//	pVideoWriter = cvCreateVideoWriter(/*"VideoSave.avi"*/szVideoSaveName,-1 ,10,cvSize(640,480),1);//放在里有视频只会有一帧注意
//cvWriteFrame(pVideoWriter,image);	
//	cvReleaseVideoWriter(&pVideoWriter);	
if( cvWaitKey(10) >= 0 )//10ms中按任意键退出 
break; 
} 
 
cvReleaseVideoWriter(&pVideoWriter);//释放写入器
cvReleaseCapture( &capture );//释放设备
cvDestroyWindow( "Motion" );//销毁窗口 
} 
return 0; 
}