假设空间某点O的坐标为(Xo,Yo,Zo),空间某条直线上两点A和B的坐标为:(X1,Y1,Z1),(X2,Y2,Z2),设点O在直线AB上的垂足为点N,坐标为(Xn,Yn,Zn)。点N坐标解算过程如下:
首先求出下列向量:
由向量垂直关系:
上式记为(1)式。
点N在直线AB上,根据向量共线:
(2)
由(2)得:
(3)
把(3)式代入(1)式,式中只有一个未知数k,整理化简解出k:
(4)
把(4)式代入(3)式即得到垂足N的坐标。
C代码实现
// 二维空间点到直线的垂足
struct Point
{
double x,y;
}
Point GetFootOfPerpendicular(
const Point &pt, // 直线外一点
const Point &begin, // 直线开始点
const Point &end) // 直线结束点
{
Point retVal;
double dx = begin.x - end.x;
double dy = begin.y - end.y;
if(abs(dx) < 0.00000001 && abs(dy) < 0.00000001 )
{
retVal = begin;
return retVal;
}
double u = (pt.x - begin.x)*(begin.x - end.x) +
(pt.y - begin.y)*(begin.y - end.y);
u = u/((dx*dx)+(dy*dy));
retVal.x = begin.x + u*dx;
retVal.y = begin.y + u*dy;
return retVal;
}
// 三维空间点到直线的垂足
struct Point
{
double x,y,z;
}
Point GetFootOfPerpendicular(
const Point &pt, // 直线外一点
const Point &begin, // 直线开始点
const Point &end) // 直线结束点
{
Point retVal;
double dx = begin.x - end.x;
double dy = begin.y - end.y;
double dz = begin.z - end.z;
if(abs(dx) < 0.00000001 && abs(dy) < 0.00000001 && abs(dz) < 0.00000001 )
{
retVal = begin;
return retVal;
}
double u = (pt.x - begin.x)*(begin.x - end.x) +
(pt.y - begin.y)*(begin.y - end.y) + (pt.z - begin.z)*(begin.z - end.z);
u = u/((dx*dx)+(dy*dy)+(dz*dz));
retVal.x = begin.x + u*dx;
retVal.y = begin.y + u*dy;
retVal.y = begin.z + u*dz;
return retVal;
}
下面是我用java写的代码,就是翻译一下,也贴上:
//点到其他两点垂足计算
public TPoint getFoot(TPoint pt,TPoint beginPt,TPoint endPt){
TPoint result = new TPoint();
double dx = beginPt.getJd()-endPt.getJd();
double dy = beginPt.getWd()-endPt.getWd();
if(abs(dx)<0.000001&&abs(dy)<0.000001){
result = pt;
}
double u = (pt.getJd()-beginPt.getJd())*(beginPt.getJd()-endPt.getJd())+
(pt.getWd()-beginPt.getWd())*(beginPt.getWd()-endPt.getWd());
u = u /(dx*dx+dy*dy);
result.setJd(beginPt.getJd()+u*dx);
result.setWd(beginPt.getWd()+u*dy);
return result;
}