C#基础（8）——高级参数out、ref、params

1、out

一个方法返回不同类型的值，如int、string、char等，需要out。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ChuangzhiConsel
{

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int[] n = new int[11];
            int re_max;
            int re_min;
            double re_sum;
            double re_avg;
            Random r = new Random();
            for (int i = 0; i < n.Length; i++)
            {
                n[i] = r.Next(0, 12);
                Console.Write("{0}  ", n[i]);
            }
            Test(n, out re_max, out re_min, out re_sum, out re_avg);
            //真正将re_avg保留两位
            Console.WriteLine("\n返回的最大值：{0}，最小值：{1}，总和：{2}，均值：{3:0.000}", re_max, re_min, re_sum, re_avg);
            re_avg = Convert.ToDouble(re_avg.ToString("0.00"));
            Console.WriteLine("真正re_avg保留两位：{0}", re_avg);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 计算最大、最小、总和、均值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="nums"></param>
        /// <param name="max"></param>
        /// <param name="min"></param>
        /// <param name="sum"></param>
        /// <param name="avg"></param>
        public static void Test(int[] nums, out int max, out int min, out double sum, out double avg)
        {
            max = int.MinValue;
            min = int.MaxValue;
            sum = 0;
            avg = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++)
            {
                if (nums[i] > max)
                {
                    max = nums[i];
                }
                if (nums[i] < min)
                {
                    min = nums[i];
                }
                sum += nums[i];
                avg = sum / nums.Length;
            }
        }
    }
}

使用多余out，进行用户的登录

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ChuangzhiConsel
{

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string msg;//不需要赋值，因为函数有返回值
            bool islogin = false;
            do
            {
                Console.WriteLine("用户名：");
                string name = Console.ReadLine();
                Console.WriteLine("密码：");
                string passwd = Console.ReadLine();
                islogin = Is_Login(name, passwd, out msg);
                Console.WriteLine(msg);
            } while (!islogin);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        public static bool Is_Login(string logname, string pwd, out string msg)
        {
            if (logname == "admin" && pwd == "123")
            {
                msg = "登录成功，欢迎回来！";
                return true;
            }
            else if (logname != "admin")//只能选中其中一种情况
            {
                msg = "登录名错误！";
                return false;
            }
            else if (pwd != "123")
            {
                msg = "密码错误！";
                return false;
            }
            else
            {
                msg = "未知错误...";
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
}

out参数

int.TryParse的模仿：

2、ref

将实参代入方法中进行修改，返回修改后了的值，不需要return一个定义的形参；

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ChuangzhiConsel
{

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            double salary;
            Console.WriteLine("请输入当前薪水：");
            salary  = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
            TestRef(ref salary);//没有声明类型接收
            Console.WriteLine("加薪后：{0}", salary);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        public static void TestRef(ref double s)//没有返回类型
        {
            s += 500;
        }
    }
}

交换两个数字

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ChuangzhiConsel
{

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int num1 = 10;
            int num2 = 20;
            TestRef(ref num1, ref num2);
            Console.WriteLine("交换后：num1={0}  num2={1}",num1,num2);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 用于不另外开辟变量的情况下，交换两个变量值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="n1">第一个变量</param>
        /// <param name="n2">第二个变量</param>
        public static void TestRef(ref int n1,ref int n2)//没有返回类型
        {
            n1 = n1 - n2;
            n2 = n1 + n2;
            n1 = n2 - n1;
        }
    }
}

判断两个数字的大小：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ChuangzhiConsel
{

    class Program
    {
        public static int i = 0;
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("第一个数字：");
            int n1 = GetInt(Console.ReadLine()); 
            Console.WriteLine("第二个数字：");
            int n2 = GetInt(Console.ReadLine());
            JudgeNumber(ref n1, ref n2);

            Console.WriteLine("最后的两个数：{0},{1}", n1, n2);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        public static int GetInt(string s)
        {
            while (true)
            {
                try
                {

                    int number = Convert.ToInt32(s);
                    return number;
                }
                catch
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("输入有误！请重新输入：");
                    s = Console.ReadLine();
                }
            }
        }
        public static void JudgeNumber(ref int n1, ref int n2)
        {
            while (true)
            {
                if (n1 < n2)
                {
                    return;
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("再次第一个数字：");
                    n1 = GetInt(Console.ReadLine());
                    Console.WriteLine("再次第二个数字：");
                    n2 = GetInt(Console.ReadLine());
                }
            }
        }

    }
}

params

params可变参数，且参数为最后的定义，用于减少声明的参数，如改进前：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ChuangzhiConsel
{

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int[] array = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
            Tets("张三", array);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        public static void Tets(string name, int[] grade)
        {
            int sum = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < grade.Length; i++)
            {
                sum += grade[i];
            }
            Console.WriteLine("{0}的总成绩是：{1}", name, sum);
        }

    }
}

改进后：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ChuangzhiConsel
{

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //int[] array = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
            Tets("张三", 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        public static void Tets(string name, params int[] grade)
        {
            int sum = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < grade.Length; i++)
            {
                sum += grade[i];
            }
            Console.WriteLine("{0}的总成绩是：{1}", name, sum);
        }

    }
}