Introduction to Algorithm - Summary of Chapter 1 - The Role of Algorithm in Computing

Algorithms

Algorithm : is a sequence of computational steps that transform the input into the output.

Instance of a problem consists of the input (satisfying whatever constraints are imposed in the problem statement ) needed to compute a solution to the problem.

Correctness of a algorithm : For every input ,it halts with the correct output , or with a incorrect output but we can control what time and how often it happens.

Data Structure : A way to store and organize data in order to facilitate access and modification.

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Algorithm as a technology

Efficiency : How long an algorithm take to produce its result.

If a algorithm with $f(n)$ time spends $f(n)$ microseconds solving a problem ,There is the number of solved in the time .

	1 second	1 minute	1 hour	1 day	1 month	1 year	1 century
$\lg{n}$	$2^{10^6}$	$2^{6 \cdot 10^7}$	$2^{36 \cdot 10^8}$	$2^{864 \cdot 10^8}$	$2^{25920 \cdot 10^8}$	$2^{315360 \cdot 10^8}$	$2^{31556736 \cdot 10^8}$
$\sqrt{n}$	$10^{12}$	$36 \cdot 10^{14}$	$1296 \cdot 10^{16}$	$746496 \cdot 10^{16}$	$6718464 \cdot 10^{18}$	$994519296 \cdot 10^{18}$	$995827586973696 \cdot 10^{16}$
$n$	$10^6$	$6 \cdot 10^7$	$36 \cdot 10^{8}$	$864 \cdot 10^{8}$	$2592 \cdot 10^{9}$	$31536 \cdot 10^{9}$	$31556736 \cdot 10^{8}$
$n\lg{n}$	$62746$	$2801417$	$133378058$	$2755147513$	$71870856404$	$797633893349$	$68654697441062$
$n^2$	$1000$	$7745$	$60000$	$293938$	$1609968$	$5615692$	$56175382$
$n^3$	$100$	$391$	$1532$	$4420$	$13736$	$31593$	$146677$
$2^n$	$19$	$25$	$31$	$36$	$41$	$44$	$51$
$n!$	$9$	$11$	$12$	$13$	$15$	$16$	$17$

Some of above content refere to “Introduction to Algorithm”.